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Natural Features Inventory
Master Land Use Plan
INTRODUCTION TO Area of Concern (AOC). A major goal of
N the Remedial Action Plan (RAP) calls for
ATURAL FEATURES shoreline reclamation and reestablishment
of native fresh water coastal marsh.
The purpose of performing the City of
Muskegon Natural Features Inventory is to Muskegon's historical urban development,
assess the City's current natural features and particularly the development associated
address their value to the City to assist in with industry has affected the natural
appropriate regeneration and development resources of the City of Muskegon. Some
efforts. resources, such as Muskegon Lake, and
portions of it's shoreline have been
The City's location on one of Michigan's physically impacted with fill material,
largest natural harbors is a splendid and channelization, and pollution . Some
unique amenity. This setting of freshwater, features, like Fourmile Creek, have received
coastal dunes, natural harbor, inland lake, much less human impact, and remain much
rivers, streams, and wetlands is an as they were in the 1600s.
exhibition of a diversity of natural features,
areas, and resources that are not usually At time of settlement, Muskegon Lake was a
found in mature urban centers, and are pristine, drowned river valley located at the
unique to the entire world. mouth of the Muskegon River. The lake
was characterized by large marsh areas
Muskegon Lake is actually a drowned river which surrounded the lake. The original
mouth and is over 4,100 acres in size. The character of the marsh can be visualized by
Muskegon Lake, Muskegon River, and their examining the wetland features of the State
associated wetlands are classified as of Michigan Game Area located upstream
significant systems by the U.S. Fish and of Muskegon Lake.
Wildlife Service. The City of Muskegon is
the largest City on Michigan's West coast. The City of Muskegon includes the entire
It is also situated on the largest inland lake southern shoreline of Muskegon Lake and a
that has a deep water port, with access to portion of the northern shoreline along the
Lake Michigan. This port is the State's only channel in the vicinity of Muskegon State
foreign trade zone. Park. The southern shoreline was highly
modified during the mid to late 1800s,
Coastal freshwater marsh areas along during Muskegon's lumbering era. Much of
Muskegon Lake and the Muskegon River the native marsh along the southern shore
are significant migratory and spawning was replaced by shipping docks created
areas which were severely diminished from lumbering by-products and native fill.
during logging and industrial eras. The By reclaiming land from the marsh and
marsh areas and their significance are now lake, the shipping docks extended out to
returning somewhat as the region turns the deeper water necessary for larger Great
more to service and tourism industries. Lakes shipping vessels. During the early
Muskegon Lake and environs is an 1900s, the saw mill and lumber industry
internationally and federally designated was replaced by industrial development,
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which brought large factories to the Muskegon Lake will continue to be an
shoreline. important consideration for future
development along the City's approximate
The City of Muskegon's natural features can 8.6 miles of shoreline.
be broken into five (5) primary groups:
lakes/lakeshore, dunes, wetlands, Muskegon Lake supports a valuable sport
rivers/streams, and woodlands. Natural fishery consisting primarily of perch,
"subareas" that exhibit high quality native walleye, large and small-mouth bass,
or reestablished habitats have also been sunfish, northern pike, crappie, bullhead,
identified . Each of the features and areas sucker, steel head, brown trout, chinook,
are illustrated on the Natural Features and coho salmon. The lake serves as a
Inventory Map and are described in the breeding, migratory, and wintering habitat
following subsections. Recommendations for a wide variety of waterfowl.
are presented in the final section of this
Plan. Most of the southern shoreline of Muskegon
Lake has been significantly altered from its
NATURAL FEATURES original condition by filling of the lake and
surrounding marshlands. Today, the
The City's natural features have been southern shore is a series of docks, bays,
divided into five (5) primary categories for seawalls, and fragments of undeveloped
this Plan. shoreline. The fragments of undeveloped
shoreline have been altered to varying
They include: extents by humans, but many areas
currently serve as valuable wildlife habitat
Lakes/Lakeshore and corridors (Day & Associates, 1995). To
revitalize the shoreline, several former
Dunes industrial and dock sites have been
converted to recreational areas, and several
Wetlands vacant parcels have been primed for future
redevelopment.
Rivers/Streams Because land was reclaimed along the
Woodlands southern shoreline of Muskegon Lake, the
water depth increases more rapidly than
Lakes/Lakeshore along the northern shoreline. Several
private and public marinas provide mooring
Muskegon Lake and slips for the many watercraft which
utilize the lake. Muskegon Lake is a
Muskegon Lake has been central to the favorite harbor for both power boaters and
history and development of the City. sailboats, as it provides access to Lake
Currently, it provides access to docks by Michigan as well as adequate space for
Great Lakes shipping vessels, thriving boating within the lake. The outlet of
fisheries, and recreational watercraft. Muskegon Lake has been channelized with
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limits. They are illustrated on the
Natural Features Inventory Map
and are described below:
1. Muskegon State Park,
immediately north of the
channel. This area is
characterized as Marsh/Foredune/
Backdune Complex. The area
serves as valuable wildlife
habitat, which has been
preserved in a predominantly
original state. The area is a high
sea walls, and the channel is protected by quality natural dune area which
the breakwater built in the 1920s. The City should remain protected.
includes the north side of the channel and a
portion of Muskegon State Park. 2. Former Pigeon Hill area, south and
east of Harbour Towne Condominiums
The large dune known as Pigeon Hill was and Marina. This area is characterized
removed and leveled during earlier sand as Foredune Complex. This area has
mining activities south of the channel. reestablished itself as a natural area
Currently, part of the former Pigeon Hill which supports native dune vegetation
area is being developed as a marina with and contains isolated wetland areas.
condominiums. Large portions of the The area serves as valuable habitat for
former dune area remain undeveloped, and wildlife, including deer, mallards, teal,
should be managed as valuable natural muskrats, racoons, Herons, fish, and
areas. Wildlife usage in the undeveloped other waterfowl.
areas (and the condominium development
area) is high. The wildlife includes 3. The Cottage Grove Public Access area,
raccoons, Whitetail deer, muskrats, Green west of the S.D. Warren property on
and Blue Heron, and various waterfowl. Lake Shore Drive. This area is
Deer are known to swim across the channel characterized as Shrub Willow/Isolated
to access the former Pigeon Hill area from Marsh Complex. The area provides
the Muskegon State Park which is located some wildlife habitat, but is isolated
on the north side of the channel. and very narrow. This length of
shoreline is also a natural
A recent study of Muskegon Lake, shoreline/littoral zone, one of the very
Muskegon Lake Wildlife Habitat few remaining on the south side of the
Assessment (Day & Associates, 1995), lake. The shallow, natural shoreline
identified fourteen (14) distinct natural provides habitat for aquatic plants and
areas along the shoreline of Muskegon fish.
Lake. Eight (8) of the natural areas are
within the City of Muskegon corporate
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4. Ruddiman Lagoon Outlet, southwest property.
side of stream. This area is
characterized as Scrub-shrub 8. Southwest side of causeway, South of
Community consisting mostly of short North channel of the Muskegon River.
shrubs, trees, and brush. The area The area lies across the causeway from
provides habitat for wildlife, especially Veterans Memorial Park. This area is
birds and small animals. The Ruddiman characterized as Shrub/Old Field/Marsh
Lagoon outlet area is limited as a Community. The area serves as habitat
wildlife corridor due to its isolation. for wildlife, but is limited as a wildlife
corridor due to the isolation of the area
5. Shoreline, Northeast of Former Amoco by the causeway and the power plant
Oil tank farm property. This area is property. Migration between natural
characterized as Shrub Willow/Isolated areas in this vicinity by small animals is
Marsh Complex. This area is one of the difficult and dangerous.
longest sections of undeveloped
shoreline. The shoreline is separated Each of the eight natural areas have unique
from the bluff by the Chesapeake Ohio qualities with respect to vegetation and
Railroad. This area also provides wildlife utilization. These areas by
wildlife habitat, but would be themselves are valuable natural features,
considered a marginal wildlife corridor, but the potential for expansion of
due to its isolation from other habitat greenbelts and buffers along Muskegon
areas and its narrowness. Lake is considerable. Linking of these
natural areas by habitat enhancement on
6. Western Avenue area. The area at the connecting vacant parcels and along the
western end of Western Avenue has future Muskegon Lakeshore Trail can
historically been used for industrial increase both their functional value as a
manufacturing and shipping. An area natural area and their recreational value to
near the western edge of the peninsula public users. The Muskegon Lakeshore
is a natural area. This area is Trail, and expansion of the greenbelt
characterized as Old Field Community. across vacant parcels may be the best
Some of this area has been developed practice for enhancement and protection of
as a marina facility.
7. Large field and marsh,
Northeast of Fisherman's
Landing. This area is
characterized as Old
Field/Woodlot Community.
This area provides abundant
habitat for wildlife and also
serves as a wildlife corridor
area with the former
wastewater treatment plant
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the Muskegon Lake shoreline. In summary, Muskegon Lake is a substantial
natural feature, which is the largest of it's
Additional opportunities for enhancement kind in Michigan. The coastal setting of the
of the greenbelt is recommended by City on Muskegon Lake and Lake Michigan
implementing a simple tree planting offers incredible views, recreation, and
program. Several City parcels, such as each educational and conservation potential due
public watercraft launch site, contain to its rebounding water quality and
adequate space for additional trees. These redeveloping coastal marshlands. As the
trees may also serve as vision barriers City continues it's revitalization effort,
between these recreational areas and Muskegon Lake should remain a primary
existing industrial and railroad properties. consideration. Water quality and natural
These visual buffers would greatly increase areas around the lake are primary factors to
the aesthetics at these locations. the quality of the lake as a natural feature,
and should be protected and enhanced as
Muskegon Lake is an internationally and such.
federally designated Area of Concern
(AOC), due to concerns of potential Lake Michigan
environmental impacts on the Great Lakes
from historical, municipal, and industrial The City of Muskegon has approximately
discharges, and non-point pollution. As an 2.5 miles of Lake Michigan shoreline. The
AOC, Muskegon Lake remains the subject lakeshore, within the City, includes natural
of a Remedial Action Plan (RAP - originally beach and engineered areas. Lake
prepared in 1987 and subject to continual Michigan is an important natural feature for
updating) that the City as it
includes guidelines provides recreation
for mitigating for residents and
identified tourists, a great
environmental sport fishery, and a
concerns. One of the means of shipping
most important materials to and
features of the on- from the City of
going RAP process is Muskegon via the
participation by the Great Lakes. Pere
Muskegon Lake Marquette Park,
Public Advisory Kruse Park, and the
Council (PAC), a Muskegon State
coalition representing the general public, Park provide public beach access for the
environmental groups, government, enjoyment of the lakeshore. The
business, and industrial interests. The PAC breakwater structures and channel provide
is involved in the on-going process of protected access to between Lake Michigan
identifying problems, and defining and and Muskegon Lake. Parking at the seawall
implementing beneficial remedial actions. near the waterworks building provides an
unobstructed view of Lake Michigan from
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automobiles. access, slope, setbacks, and vegetation
removal will standardize the City's view of
Lake Michigan is a natural feature, that will and ability to regulate dune development.
continue to be an important amenity for the
City. Water quality and enjoyment of Lake The dunes are a part of a unique freshwater
Michigan is partially controlled by the sand dune complex along the western
water quality of Muskegon Lake, but is also shoreline of Michigan. The dunes are
influenced by every river and City located fragile features that are ever changing with
along its shore. By enhancement and time. They are important buffers from Lake
protection of Muskegon Lake and its Michigan and are ecologically significant.
tributaries, the City will continue to be a Their protection, through nondevelopment
good steward of Lake Michigan. or limited development according to strict
zoning, is recommended.
Dunes
Wetlands
A vast area of sand dunes can be found
along the Lake Michigan shoreline within The largest wetland areas found in the City
the City limits. One former large sand are located along the Muskegon River
dune, Pigeon Hill, was entirely removed by system, adjacent to the Muskegon State
sand mining operations. A portion of the Game Area, along the Muskegon Lake
former dune has been redeveloped as a shoreline, in the Ruddiman Creek
condominiums and marina while a portion floodplain, in the Four Mile Creek
has remained undeveloped and provides floodplain, in the Ryerson Creek floodplain,
valuable wildlife habitat. and in the former Pigeon Hill sand mining
area. Each of these areas are colored light
In areas which have not undergone sand blue on the Natural Features Inventory
mining operations, roads, parks, and Map. The wetlands of specific stream
residences have been built. Most of the corridors are further described in the
dunes have been developed as residential Rivers/Streams section.
areas with single family homes. Some of
the dune areas have been classified as Muskegon Lake, at the time of settlement,
"Critical Dune Areas" under Act 451, Part was surrounded by marshlands. It is
353. Most development activities within expected that the lake was extremely
"Critical Dune Areas" currently require a productive, and otters could be seen
Department of Environmental Quality feeding in the marshes with eagles hovering
permit. The City of Muskegon is given an above to capture a unweary fish. Today,
opportunity to respond to the permit after much of the coastal marshes have
applications to enforce any local ordinances been replaced by fill material or dredged
or rules regarding building within the away, the lake is beginning to return to it's
dunes. The City of Muskegon may use this natural state in the remaining shallow areas.
opportunity to regulate and protect its This transition can be attributed to many
dunes, as it feels is appropriate. Specific things, but the primary reasons are a
ordinances or guidance regarding density, decrease in heavy industry around the
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zones, stormwater management, and
upland management practices will
lengthen the usefulness of the wetlands,
by slowing the eutrophication process. If
wetlands become choked with sediments
and experience increased plant growth,
they age prematurely and lessen their
capability to filter and retain sediment,
nutrients, and pollutants.
RIVERS/STREAMS
One River and four creeks transect
lakeshore and an increase in service and portions of the City of Muskegon. The
tourism industries. Residents are also Muskegon River, Fourmile Creek, Ryerson
becoming good stewards and are enjoying Creek, Little Black Creek, and Ruddiman
the rewards of a cleaner, more natural lake. Creek provide excellent existing greenbelts
within the City. These river and stream
Wetlands are very important in their corridors host a wide diversity of plants and
function to retain and filter sediment, animals, including fox, rabbit, deer,
nutrients, and other pollutants from storm songbirds, racoon, waterfowl, Green and
water runoff. Wetlands are high Blue Heron, eagles, and muskrat. There is
productivity habitats for a variety of plants great potential for expansion, and even
and animals. The wetland resources of the connection of these greenbelts to enhance
City are also an important aesthetic and and connect key wildlife habitat.
educational resource. The wetlands are
integral portions of greenbelts within the Floodplains are important physical features
City. Enhancement of riparian buffer that are generally narrow to broad, nearly
flat areas along rivers or streams.
These low relief areas in the
valleys of streams frequently
provide important natural
retention during heavy rains and
snow melts, and generally have
remained undeveloped. They
support good habitat generally
and a unique diversity of plants
and animals. Land within 100-
year floodplains has been
delineated by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA). A 100-year floodplain
is defined as an area within
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which there is a 1 percent chance in any for a great diversity of wildlife, including
year of a 100-year flood occurring, or that eagles, Green and Blue Herons, egrets,
in every 100 years there is a 1 percent swans, Canadian geese, and muskrats. The
chance that the water will rise to that primary human impact to the marsh has
elevation. The Floodplain Inventory Map been from fill placed along the margin of
shows the location of the 100-year the marsh. The fill supports roads and
floodplain around Muskegon Lake, Lake railways which connect Muskegon and
Michigan and the river and stream North Muskegon, the power plant, and the
corridors. Floodplains are generally former wastewater treatment plant. The
considered unsuited to most types of marsh has also been modified by utilities
development, though passive recreational and an area formerly used as the City's
uses can be appropriate. dump.
The Muskegon River The water quality of the Muskegon River
directly affects the quality of water found in
The Muskegon River is a valuable natural Muskegon Lake. Sediment and other non-
resource and scenic amenity to the City of point source pollutants in the Muskegon
Muskegon, and has a total watershed area River can increase the eutrophication rate,
of 2,660 square miles. The river provides or aging process of Muskegon Lake. The
an important source of recreation, partially Muskegon River is slowly filling and aging
due to it's fisheries and opportunities for the lake with sediment and accelerated
wildlife viewing. The river system provides aquatic plant growth from non-point source
habitat for a large diversity of plants and pollutants such as nitrates and phosphates
wildlife and is nationally known for it's (fertilizers).
highly prized crop of walleye, steelhead,
and salmon. The primary water quality issues for the
Muskegon River are hydrocarbons from
The Muskegon River has three branches petroleum facilities , sediment from
which enter the northeastern end of erosion, and other nonpoint source
Muskegon Lake. The north branch of the pollutants. However, only a small portion
Muskegon River delineates the City of of the river transects the City of Muskegon,
Muskegon Corporate Limit from the City of and most sediment and other non-point
North Muskegon in the vicinity of Veterans source pollution occurs outside the City's
Memorial Park. The south and middle limits. The City of Muskegon is limited in
branches flow together in the vicinity of the its ability to control and decrease upstream
old wastewater treatment plant, and enter impacts, but can continue to be a good
Muskegon Lake approximately 4,000 feet steward of its portion of the river and
south of the north branch. associated marsh.
The area between the branches, adjacent to Fourmile Creek and Sandford's Bayou
the Muskegon State Game Area, is an
extensive marsh that exists in a partially ourmile Creek is approximately 3.8 miles
modified condition. The marsh is habitat long from its headwaters in Muskegon
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Township, where it begins as an
intermittent stream near Hall Road
between Mill Iron Road and
Dangle Road, to it's end at the
South Branch of the Muskegon
River. Two sections of the creek
fall within the City of Muskegon
Corporate Limits. The two sections
combined, one approximately
3,500 feet and the other
approximately 4,000 feet long,
account for approximately 1.45
miles of the length. Fourmile
Creek flows through the campus of
Muskegon Community College and golf for wildlife eastward to the Muskegon
course, and the ponded area known as Community College campus. The
Sanford's Bayou, all within the City limits. floodplain of Fourmile Creek widens
The predominant land use along Fourmile westwardly from the U.S. 31 crossing. As
Creek is residential. Outside of the City, the floodplain widens, it is covered by a
Orchard View High School and the General large cattail marsh. The marsh is separated
Dynamics facility are located adjacent to into west and east portions by the Getty
Four Mile Creek. The creek corridor is Street crossing. Westward from the Getty
deep (in most areas), isolated, well Street crossing, the floodplain transitions
buffered, and great for recreation. from the marsh to Sanford's Bayou.
East of U.S. 31, Fourmile Creek lies in a Sanford's Bayou is a large ponded area
deep ravine, with striking topography. The within the floodplain of Fourmile Creek.
stream valley is heavily wooded, and Portions of the bayou are shallow and
provides very productive woodland habitat subject to increased eutrophication by
sediment and other non-point
source pollutants. The Sanford's
Bayou area is an important part of
the Fourmile Creek greenbelt
because the bayou offers different
ecological characteristics, thereby
increasing the value to plant and
wildlife diversity. The danger of
sediment and other non-point
source pollutants is that the bayou
will shallow prematurely and this
ecological diversity will be lost.
Riparian buffer zones, upland
management practices, and
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stormwater enters the
management can City limits at
dramatically increase the U.S.
31
the quality of crossing,
Sanford's Bayou and and contains
Fourmile Creek as one
Natural Features. intermittent
tributary to
Although Fourmile the north
Creek is crossed which is
several times with entirely
roadways, it remains within the
very natural. City limits.
Riparian buffer zones This
along the stream tributary
corridor are highly productive wildlife enters the north side of Ryerson Creek
habitats and should be preserved as such. across from Steel School.
The floodplain marsh and Sandford's Bayou
act as a sediment basin, trapping sediment, Between the U.S. 31 and Getty Street
nutrient, and other pollutants. West of U.S. crossings, the floodplain widens to the
31, Fourmile Creek and Sanford's Bayou west. As the area broadens, the floodplain
are shallow surface water bodies with consists of a marsh. The marsh is covered
associated wetlands, and are sensitive to primarily with cattails and some willows.
increased eutrophication. The primary Between the Getty Street and Wood Street
concern for Fourmile Creek is sediment and crossings, the floodplain consists of a
other non-point source pollutants. It is similar cattail marsh with some ponding
recommended that the Fourmile Creek along the main stream channel.
corridor become better understood with
respect to water quality, wildlife, and Between Wood Street and its outlet to
habitat so that zoning may be developed for Muskegon Lake, Ryerson Creek has been
the protective use and conservation of the highly modified and channelized. The
resources. channelized area consists of land which
was filled for Green Park, the Farmer's
Ryerson Creek and the Smith-Ryerson Market, and stream crossings for the
Playfield Pond Chesapeake Ohio Railroad, Business Route
31, Yuba Street, and Ottawa Street. The
Ryerson Creek is approximately 4.1 miles stream segments of Ryerson Creek east of
long from its headwaters in Muskegon Wood Street are in a mostly natural state,
Township where it begins as an intermittent and provide quality wildlife habitat. The
stream near Dangle Road. Of the segments of Ryerson Creek offer an
approximate 4.1 miles of Ryerson Creek, excellent opportunity for a protected
the western 2.1 miles are within the City of greenbelt. Currently, these segments offer
Muskegon Corporate Limits. Ryerson Creek wildlife habitat, but do not serve as a
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quality wildlife corridor due to the many Between Smith-Ryerson Playfield/Wood
culverted stream crossings. Eliminating or Street, and the outlet to Muskegon Lake, the
reconstructing some crossings to allow stream is choked with sediment, trash, and
migration under the crossings is becomes foul smelling. The application of
recommended and should be evaluated natural riparian buffer zones and storm
further. water management are important factors in
the preservation and enhancement of this
The predominant land use along Ryerson segment of Ryerson Creek as a Natural
Creek is residential. Commercial Feature.
developments in the Apple Avenue and
U.S. 31 area are also adjacent to Ryerson Ryerson Creek and its floodplain marsh are
Creek. The primary concern for Ryerson shallow surface water bodies. They are
Creek is sediment and other non-point sensitive to increased eutrophication, and
source pollutants. Oil and grease from directly affect the water quality of
commercial parking lot storm drains, Muskegon Lake.
fertilizers, and sediment pollution are the
main current water quality concerns for Little Black Creek
Ryerson Creek. The stream bed is
characterized as mostly sandy where it Little Black Creek transects a section of the
enters the City to west of Getty Street. City before flowing through the City of
Muskegon Heights and into Mona Lake.
The Smith-Ryerson Playfield Area Pond is a The section which flows through the City is
small ponded area within the floodplain of almost entirely within industrial and
Ryerson Creek, near Wood Street. The commercial areas, but mostly protected by
Smith Playfield ponded area is an important extensive wooded buffer zones. Street
part of the Ryerson Creek greenbelt because crossings are found at Roberts Street,
it offers different ecological characteristics U.S. 31, Black Creek Road, and Sheridan
that increase the diversity of plant and Road. As Little Black Creek flows through
wildlife. The ponded area contains a the City, it is contained within a ravine,
diversity of fish and wildlife, including carp without a well developed floodplain,
and waterfowl. Currently the pond is very except in the vicinity of Mercy Hospital. In
shallow and subject to rapid eutrophication the vicinity of Mercy Hospital, a small
by sediment and other non-point source marsh has developed where the stream
pollutants. The danger of sediment and widens.
other non-point source pollutants is that the
bayou will shallow prematurely and this The portion of Little Black Creek west of
ecological diversity will be lost. Riparian U.S. 31 has excellent value as wildlife
buffer zones, upland management habitat and as a wildlife corridor. Whitetail
practices, and stormwater management can deer can be found west of Roberts Street
increase the quality of the pond area as a and are anticipated to utilize the woodlands
Natural Feature. which continue west to Getty Street. The
area east of U.S. 31 contains considerably
more wildlife habitat. In the area east of
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U.S. 31, Little Black Creek has adequate Ruddiman Creek includes portions of the
natural buffers between industrial buildings City of Muskegon, City of Muskegon
and the creek, making it an excellent Heights, City of Roosevelt Park, and the
greenbelt and wildlife corridor. City of Norton Shores. Stormwater
drainage and discharges from each of these
The primary concern for Little Black Creek cities influence the water quality and
is sediment and other non-point source overall value of Ruddiman Creek as a
pollutants. Oil and grease from Natural Feature.
commercial/industrial parking lot storm
drains, pollutants from other discharges,
fertilizers, and sediment pollution are the
main potential and current water quality
concerns for Little Black Creek. A
petroleum facility outside the City adjacent
to the creek may adversely impact the
stream. The application of natural riparian
buffer zones and storm water management
plans are important recommendations in
the preservation and enhancement of Little
Black Creek. Impact along Little Black Ruddiman Creek formerly received
Creek, although limited within the City of industrial and residential septic discharges
Muskegon, affects the water quality of from portions of each City prior to
Mona Lake which outlets to Lake Michigan. implementation of the Muskegon County
Wastewater Treatment system. Complete
Little Black Creek and associated conversion of the system is ongoing, and
woodlands represent a large area of natural illegal hookups continue to be isolated and
woodland habitat, which has great value for corrected. A continued systematic system
wildlife viewing and nature walks. This of investigation and correction of the
area should be preserved and enhanced as problem is recommended. In addition to
a valuable greenbelt within the City. the discharges, residual petroleum impact
from area facilities and pipelines, erosion
Ruddiman Creek and Lagoon and sediment, and other non-point source
pollutants continue to present water quality
Currently, Ruddiman Creek is problems for Ruddiman Creek.
approximately 1.2 miles long from its
headwaters to its outlet into Muskegon The floodplains of Ruddiman Creek and it's
Lake, including Ruddiman Lagoon. Two tributaries are wooded, and adjacent land
additional tributaries empty into Ruddiman use is primarily residential, with some
Lagoon, and are tributaries to the overall commercial and industrial usage. The
Ruddiman Creek system. The creek floodplain of Ruddiman Creek begins to
formerly reached further east, but has been widen to the west from the Barclay Street
filled and contained in a subsurface crossing to the Glenside crossing. The
drainage system. The actual water shed of floodplain is not very wide, but does
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support some floodplain wetlands, Muskegon Lake by its outlet beneath Lake
consisting primarily of cattail marsh. West Shore Drive.
of the Glenside crossing, the Ruddiman
Creek floodplain opens into the Ruddiman Ruddiman Lagoon's water quality will
Lagoon. continue to be influenced by the water it
receives. Stormwater management,
Ruddiman Lagoon is a ponded portion of continued storm and septic sewer
the floodplain of Ruddiman Creek. separation, and sound upland management
Ruddiman Creek, along with two additional practices offer greatest (current) control on
unnamed drainages/tributary streams, the water quality. Some impacts from
empty into the southeastern half of residual petroleum and heavy metals may
Ruddiman Lagoon. The lagoon is regulated remain for decades, while the system
by its outlet at the northwest end where it is purges itself. Riparian buffer zones can
constricted and flows under Lake Shore expand and enhance the Ruddiman Lagoon
Drive. The Ruddiman Lagoon narrows and and Ruddiman Creek area as an important
outlets to Muskegon Lake at its greenbelt. This buffer will help protect the
Northwestern end at Lake Shore Drive. The lagoon's water quality from upland
stream flows northwesterly, from the Lake activities such as fertilizing. Fertilizer
Shore Drive crossing, approximately 600 compounds which runoff into the lagoon
feet, into Muskegon Lake. will only increase the rate of
eutrophication. Currently, the lagoon acts
The water quality of the lagoon is primarily as a chemical sink ,or a buffer, between
influenced by Ruddiman Creek. The Ruddiman Creek and Muskegon Lake.
lagoon has received pollutants from the Therefore the water quality of both
stream historically, and continues to receive Ruddiman Creek and Ruddiman Lagoon
directly affect the water quality and
recreational enjoyment of Muskegon
Lake.
Despite water quality impacts,
Ruddiman Creek and the Ruddiman
Lagoon area provides numerous quality
scenic views and recreation
opportunities, and serve as valuable
wildlife corridor and habitat area.
Remedial action and natural purging of
pollutants in the Ruddiman Creek
system will be ongoing. The
high levels of bacteria. The lagoon is a application of natural riparian buffer
natural feature that provides valuable zones, storm water management, and
wildlife habitat, and acts as a greenbelt. sanitary sewer separation are important
The lagoon area is limited as a corridor to factors in the preservation and
enhancement of Ruddiman Creek and
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Ruddiman Lagoon. Improvement of water
quality within the Ruddiman Creek and The Fourmile Creek valley between U.S. 31
Lagoon will increase the functional value of and the Muskegon Community College
the Natural Feature. The water quality is Campus contains a beautiful woodland
important to the creek and lagoon as well area, approximately a square quarter mile
as Muskegon Lake. in size. The deeply cut ravine offers
exceptional wildlife habitat, while generally
Woodlands poorly suited for development. The area
offers excellent recreational and
As is the case in most urban centers, areas educational opportunity, as well as acting
exhibiting significant tree cover include as a valuable component to the Fourmile
parks and other City owned land, Creek greenbelt.
cemeteries, ravine systems abutting creeks
and streams, and residential areas, Lake Michigan Dune Woodlands Near
commercial corridors, and the core Bronson Park
Downtown. However, the City of
Muskegon contains three large areas of The woodlands located on the lakeward
substantial woodlands and woodland side of the foredunes near Bronson Park, is
habitat. The areas are associated with the largest remaining section of natural
Little Black Creek, Four Mile Creek, and the dune woodland habitat remaining within
critical dune area near Bronson Park. Each the City limits. The uniqueness and scarcity
of the three woodland areas appear on the of this ecosystem, as well as along the
Natural Features Inventory Map. entire Lake Michigan shoreline, causes this
Little Black Creek Woodlands
An especially aesthetic and large
tract of woodlands follow Little
Black Creek through it's entire
route across the City. The width
and continuity of this woodland
provides a natural greenbelt, with
substantial wildlife habitat.
Whitetail deer utilize the
woodlands as far west as the
portion between Roberts Street
and Getty Street, an area
surrounded by significant commercial and area to be an important Natural Feature.
industrial development. Protection of this These woodlands, as well as the dunes
woodland greenbelt will ensure the themselves, should be developed carefully
longevity of this valuable amenity. to not destroy their ecological importance
and the natural protection they provide
Fourmile Creek Woodlands from Lake Michigan.
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In addition to the three woodland areas, other Environmental Groups where
trees are an important aspect of the common interests exist.
Downtown historical district. Many of the
facades are completed by mature trees. A
recommendation to include tree
preservation in the historical district will
ensure that this important aspect of the City
will remain intact.
Additional neighborhoods with mature and
historic trees provide quality aesthetic
habitats for birds, squirrels, and raccoons.
A tree inventory identifying and
characterizing the woodland resources of
the City could be used to identify these
areas. Once identified, recommended tree
preservation zoning ordinances could be
applied to the areas.
CONCLUSIONS/
RECOMMENDATIONS
Several specific recommendations are
presented to preserve, enhance, develop,
create, and use the natural resources of the
City. The recommendations have been
summarized into seven primary actions:
Habitat Plan Development and
Implementation; Integration of Natural
Features with Recreation and Leisure
Planning; Water Quality and Subwatershed
Plans; Generic Zoning and Design Criteria
for Natural Features and Natural Areas;
Development of City Stormwater
Management Requirements and Possible
Modifications for Sensitive Natural Areas;
Preservation and Conservation of Natural
Features and Natural Areas; and Working
with the Muskegon Lake Public Advisory
Council, Natural Resource Conservation
Service & Soil Conservation District, and
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SEVEN PRIMARY ACTION/POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
COMMON TO ALL NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
1. Habitat Plan Development and Implementation.
Several areas, which are now, or could become, Natural Areas, have great potential for
improved wildlife habitat and native vegetation. Habitat improvement with native plants,
will increase the areas value for wildlife and provide an amenity to the City and
metropolitan users. A plan should be developed specifically to define the areas where
habitat could be improved and exactly how they could be improved. The plan would
describe what kinds of habitats would be created and evaluate what funding sources and
cooperating groups are available to assist.
2. Integration of Natural Features and Areas with Recreation and Leisure Planning.
The natural amenities within the City are unique and are not duplicated elsewhere. The
system of Natural Features and Areas should be focal points of recreation and leisure,
especially along the lakeshore and along stream corridors. The Muskegon Lakeshore
Trail will specifically link Natural Features and Areas and provide an opportunity for
access to scenic views and recreational activities.
3. Development of Water Quality and Subwatershed Plan.
Development of a water quality and subwatershed plan is critical for determining specific
actions or policies the City can initiate to increase water quality within each
subwatershed and Muskegon Lake. The Plan would include but not be limited to
identifying specific concerns for water quality improvement, buffer zone improvements,
critical stormwater management areas, recreational opportunities, and habitat
enhancement areas. The water quality and subwatershed plan will support regulations
set forth in the General Zoning and Design Criteria for the lakes and stream corridors.
Such zoning and design criteria may be very different from one subwatershed to another,
depending on past and current adjacent land use, pollution history, and human impacts
such as filling or clearing within floodplain and riparian zones.
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SEVEN PRIMARY ACTION/POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
COMMON TO ALL NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
4. Generic Zoning and Design Criteria for Natural Features and Areas.
All of the Natural Features and identified Natural Areas within the City are deserving of
protection because the cumulatively make up a natural setting which is very unique.
Different zoning and design criteria would apply to dunes, wetlands, streams,
woodlands, and lakes. In general, within these different areas, zoning mechanisms such
as Natural Feature Overlay Zoning Districts and development standards, Planned Unit
Development Standards, site plan review, cluster development regulations, building
height limits, Special Use Standards will be beneficial. Existing minimal standards
applicable to Natural Features and resources do not enable the City to take full advantage
of it's oversight authority. Establishment of these regulations for the Natural Features and
Areas will protect and improve the natural resources and the scenic amenities within the
City.
5. Development and Enforcement of City Stormwater Management Requirements and
other Possible Modifications for Sensitive Natural Areas.
Development and/or revision, and enforcement of stormwater management practices
may reduce the amount of pollutants entering waterways through illegal sanitary
connections, parking lot and street runoff, and industrial discharges. Along with future
enforcement of stormwater management practices, and possible retrofit of existing
systems, elimination of curb and gutter in Planned Unit Developments or
retention/detention ponds at commercial and industrial facilities are some possibilities.
6. Preservation and Conservation of Natural Features and Areas.
Many natural or potential Natural Areas around the City, have extreme ecological value.
These areas should be acquired by the City solely or with potential conservancy groups,
and placed in a conservancy program. These areas would potentially receive
development limited to passive use recreational activities and educational
facilities/activities. A specific plan should be developed, identifying such parcels and
preliminary plans for their potential use, preservation, and enhancement.
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SEVEN PRIMARY ACTION/POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
COMMON TO ALL NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
7. Working with the Muskegon Lake Public Advisory Council, Natural Resource
Conservation Service & Soil Conservation District, and other Environmental Groups
where common interests exist.
Some groups are completing water quality analysis, cleanup and awareness programs, or
other assessment, protection, and enhancement projects. Many of these projects are
aligned with common goals and objectives of the City, related to protection, preservation
and use of its Natural Features. These groups may also assist in community awareness
programs. Many City and metropolitan residents are not fully aware of the Natural
Features within the City. Community awareness will make people aware of the
amenities they have in their "back yards" and what they can do to assure their
preservation and quality.
Six of the seven primary recommendations opportunities for working together will be
have been expanded in the following realized as portions of the plan are
specific recommendations. The final completed. Some recommendations can't
recommendation for working with the PAC, be fully defined until recommended plans
NRCS & SCD, and other environmental have been created, further addressing
groups does not warrant additional specific specific aspects of individual natural
recommendations. Many specific features or areas.
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1. HABITAT PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTIONS/POLICY
Muskegon River
The former City dump now a compost recycling area, has been altered greatly, but due to
it's adjacent wetlands, offers an opportunity for valuable habitat improvement. Many
birds and mammals that utilize the marsh need upland breeding and loafing habitat. A
plan for secondary land use of the altered area that includes native plant species, grasses,
trees, and shrubs, will provide such habitat and restore the aesthetics of the area.
The area of the former waste water treatment plant, between the middle and south
branch of the River offers opportunity for habitat restoration. Currently, low areas have
revegetated with wetland species. The areas that are currently manicured around the
pond and upland could be revegetated with native tree and shrub species, providing
valuable habitat and a nature area for the study of native plants. The habitat
enhancement could dramatically improve the aesthetics of the area.
Ryerson Creek
Opportunities for habitat enhancement exist in the riparian buffer zone along Ryerson
Creek in the vicinity of Smith-Ryerson Playfield and Green Acres Park. Use of native
plants (trees, shrubs and ground cover varieties) would increase the aesthetics of these
areas as well as provide additional habitat. The additional habitat would be useful
breeding and loafing habitat. Less desirable, invasive species currently found could be
replaced by native, desirable, plants.
Ruddiman Creek and Lagoon
Opportunities for habitat enhancement exist in the riparian buffer zone along Ruddiman
Creek and Lagoon. Specifically, the manicured lawn space along the lagoon could be
reduced and replaced by native plants. A portion of the lawn could be replaced by a
wood chip nature trail with lagoon viewing points. This would increase wildlife habitat,
create a wider riparian buffer zone, and decrease the effects of stormwater runoff from
manicured areas without dramatically decreasing the park's recreational value. Use of
native plants (trees, shrubs and ground cover varieties) would increase the aesthetics and
provide additional breeding and loafing habitat.
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1. HABITAT PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTIONS/POLICY
Muskegon Lake and Lakeshore
Opportunities for habitat enhancement occur along nearly the entire shoreline. In each
of the eight (8) Natural Areas, some habitat enhancement may be valuable. However the
primary habitat enhancement efforts should be within all of the altered areas which
connect the Natural Areas. This would provide a less dissected greenbelt around the
lake.
The Muskegon Lakeshore Trail will work well with this recommendation because it will
offer excellent opportunities for native plant habitat along nearly it's entire route.
Implementation of a general recommendation to plant native tree, shrub, and herb
species along the trail, extensively when possible, will increase the aesthetics along the
trail and provide habitat and a greenbelt around the lake.
Other specific areas where habitat improvement with native species are recommended
include public launch sites, especially the Grand Trunk, Fisherman's Landing, and
Hartshorn Marina sites. These areas are mostly open, with very little or no habitat for
wildlife. In areas such as Fisherman's Landing, planting areas with trees and other cover
will serve as aesthetic breaks from railroad or industrial properties.
Heritage Landing, Terrace Point, and other vacant former industrial properties have
excellent potential for habitat enhancement. A focus on landscaping with native plants
will add to the aesthetic, recreational, and educational quality of the lakeshore, and
wildlife habitat along the lake. An increase of birds, butterflies, and other small animals
would be anticipated with increased native habitat.
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1. HABITAT PLAN DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTIONS/POLICY
Wetlands
Develop and implement a plan to increase wetland habitat and native vegetation for
disturbed areas which have been filled or impacted adjacent to wetlands. Created and
enhanced wetland habitat on disturbed areas, especially around current surface water,
may provide this additional wetland habitat. There may be opportunities within the City
for expansion of wetlands or reclamation of filled wetland areas.
Such areas may be on the former Continental Motors property, the small waterway
between the YMCA and Heritage Landing, Muskegon Lake west of the Port City Princess
docking facility (by Waterfront Center), the area west of the Cole's Marina facility, the
former Amoco property, and the former waste water treatment area. Some of these areas
have known contamination, so potential mitigated or created wetland should have an
assessment completed prior to agitating soils or groundwater which may release
pollutants. The assessment will also identify the potential positive affects the wetlands
may have on impacted areas. The wetlands will capture impacted sediment as well as
filter sediment and other nonpoint source pollutants before entering Muskegon Lake.
Woodlands and Trees
Develop and implement a plan to increase habitat and native vegetation for disturbed
areas which have been filled or impacted. The plan should include tree planting
recommendations for areas along Muskegon Lake, such as Fisherman's Landing and the
public launch site near the Grand Trunk Railroad dock. Both areas have considerable
potential for additional trees. Additional trees and native ground cover will serve as
habitat and natural buffer. The trees will also serve as important aesthetic buffers,
separating recreational areas from industrial and railroad properties. Several City owned
parcels, and numerous private parcels, have large areas of manicured lawn and
decorative landscaping, however, native shrubs, grasses, and trees should be promoted
where possible.
Dunes
Develop and implement a plan to increase habitat and native vegetation for beach and
dune areas which are maintained but do not have direct use. These areas may include
unused portions of Pere Marquette Park that are groomed by removing excess sand.
Establishment of dune grass on such areas may offer an increased aesthetic value to the
lakeshore.
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2. INTEGRATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
WITH RECREATION AND LEISURE PLANNING
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Muskegon River
The former City dump, due to it's large upland area and adjacent wetlands, offers
excellent opportunity for recreational secondary land uses specifically centered around
existing adjacent habitat and wildlife. A wildlife observation tower, parking, and some
picnic facilities would lend access for all people, including handicap access, to enjoy the
wetland habitat and the wildlife. Currently such access is very limited.
The area of the former waste water treatment plant has excellent recreational potential.
Currently, many people fish and launch small boats on the parcel. The parcel contains a
pond, manicured lawn, and Natural Area, in addition to the former waste water treatment
plant. Habitat enhancement, with recreational facilities such as picnic area, nature trail,
observation platform, etc., can add to enjoyment of the area. An old greenhouse and the
settling and aeration tanks, could possibly be used as native plant and fish rearing
facilities for local conservation groups.
Ryerson Creek
The Smith-Ryerson Playfield area currently boasts extensive recreational opportunities for
the area, and The Ryerson Creek floodplain and riparian zone offer good habitat and
support a diverse assembledge of wildlife species. The potential for combining natural
features with recreation and leisure is good. Primitive trails used by local residents,
primarily children, offer excellent potential for expansion. The trails should be widened,
leveled, and covered with wood chips. Such a nature trail could be more widely used by
all ages and provide greater access to wildlife viewing. Viewshed/wildlife observation
points and/or small picnic areas may also enhance the enjoyment of the feature. As with
Fourmile Creek, the potential for a long loop trail along the length of Ryerson Creek
would increase access to, and enjoyment of the entire Ryerson Creek greenbelt.
The plan should assess potential use and enjoyment of a fishing/viewshed platform on
north side of the pond. The Smith-Ryerson Playfield will continue to develop as a
recreational center, with potential additions of trails and enhanced habitat, increasing it's
value as a natural feature and amenity.
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2. INTEGRATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
WITH RECREATION AND LEISURE PLANNING
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Fourmile Creek
The north side of Sandford's Bayou and Fourmile Creek , and potentially the south side,
offer an excellent location for a nature trail with wildlife and viewshed observation
points. In addition, people currently fish near the outlet of Sandford's Bayou. Such trails
would provide access for multiple use and enjoyment of the natural area. Much of the
creek and greenbelt currently has somewhat limited access. A loop trail, west of US 31,
would provide approximately a 3 mile hike with incredible views and wildlife viewing.
The plan should incorporate wildlife viewing and scenic views locations, with a nature
trail system along the bayou. Increase access for picnics and fishing on Sandford's Bayou.
Little Black Creek
The Little Black Creek greenbelt provides an excellent opportunity for recreation and
leisure, especially by industrial and commercial workers during lunch times. Many
people utilize the former railroad grade as a path to walk, jog, or bike during lunch. If
trails were developed and some potential parking and picnic areas were created, they
may be widely used by both area workers as well as all people on weekends and
evenings. The greenbelt has the largest area of connected woodlands and tree canopies
in the City, with unique wildlife viewing possibilities.
Ruddiman Creek and Lagoon
Explore the possibility of creating new trails, and enhancing existing primitive trails to
nearly level, five-foot wide paths along Ruddiman Creek, tributaries, and the lagoon.
Many people enjoy walking the existing trails created by children. If the trails were
better developed and made in loop fashion, utilization and enjoyment of these Natural
Features may be increased. Excellent recreation opportunities already exist at McGraft
Park, the trails would add to the park and lagoon area with minimal funding and
resources. Enhanced habitat along these trails, will promote breeding and loafing and
increased usage by wildlife. The plan should incorporate wildlife viewing and viewshed
locations with a nature trail system along the lagoon, Ruddiman Creek, and the tributary
which borders McGraft Park.
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2. INTEGRATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
WITH RECREATION AND LEISURE PLANNING
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan is already a main focus of recreation in the City. Pere Marquette Park and
Bronson Park are heavily used in the summer for beach recreation activities. The
Muskegon Lakeshore Trail provides increased enjoyment and safe pedestrian travel along
nearly the entire lakeshore. Boats and fisherman will continue to utilize Lake Michigan
as a valuable amenity.
Muskegon Lake and lakeshore
Consistent with the Master Plan for the Muskegon Lakeshore Trail, Muskegon Lake will
be accessible by more people. The Trail will provide multiple viewsheds, lake access
points, and recreation areas. Completion of the trail will be the greatest link,
recreationally between natural areas. A major undissected greenbelt will be created along
the lakeshore will be created with enhanced vegetation.
Wetlands
Current and potential created wetlands provide a visual, recreational, and educational
amenity. The wetlands around Muskegon Lake, adjacent to the Muskegon State Game
Area, and within the stream floodplains, provide wonderful habitat for wildlife. Trails
and parks which provide access to these features are important. McGraft Park, Smith-
Ryerson Playfield, and the former wastewater treatment area already provide access to
wetlands. A future park and/or wildlife observation area on the former landfill area north
of the causeway would provide much needed access to viewing of the marshlands
adjacent to the Muskegon State Game Area.
Woodlands and Trees
Develop and implement a plan to incorporate wildlife viewing and viewshed locations,
nature trails, and habitat enhancement with future recreation and leisure planning efforts.
The Little Black Creek woodlands offer an excellent opportunity for a woodland nature
trail within the City. A nature trail through portions of the three major woodland areas
would increase the value of these amenities through passive recreational and educational
uses.
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3. DEVELOPMENT OF WATER QUALITY AND SUBWATERSHED PLAN
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Muskegon River
The plan would identify any potential actions and/or policy that the City might use to
improve water quality within the river floodplain. With only a limited portion of the
river which is within the City, the primary value of the plan would be in cooperation
with other habitat enhancement or preservation assessments and projects.
Ryerson Creek, Fourmile Creek, and Little Black Creek
The water quality and subwatershed plan would identify specific concerns for water
quality improvement, recreational opportunities, and habitat enhancement areas. The
subwatershed plan could support action and policy set forth in the zoning and design
criteria to be created for the stream corridors. Clear understanding of the water quality
issues and recommended policy and action is vital to increasing water quality in
Muskegon Lake and the streams themselves.
Ruddiman Creek and Lagoon
Development of a subwatershed plan would be helpful in identifying specific concerns
for water quality improvement, recreational opportunities, and habitat enhancement
areas. The subwatershed plan could support regulations set forth in generic zoning and
design criteria for development within the Ruddiman Creek corridor. Ruddiman Creek
water quality issues are among the most important, due to current use restrictions by the
Muskegon County Health Department.
Muskegon Lake
A water quality and subwatershed plan would incorporate a vast amount of existing data
and specifically identify those areas around the City's shoreline were water quality is
currently being compromised. The areas may include sites of environmental
contamination, storm sewer outfalls with remaining sewer connections, and tributary
streams.
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4. GENERIC ZONING AND DESIGN CRITERIA
FOR NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Muskegon Lake and Lake Michigan
The two lakes and their shorelines are very unique and are a central focus to the City's
redevelopment and recreational efforts. Actions to be taken can include :
Lakeshore/Natural Feature Overlay Zoning Districts and development standards, Planned
Unit Development Standards, site plan review, cluster development regulations, building
height limits, Special Use Standards. More stringent standards would provide required
buffers, setbacks, density, stormwater management, and similar guidelines for the
continued preservation and enhancement of the lakeshores as Natural Features.
Dunes
The City may further control the dune resource and their development by establishing
guidance for, and exercising right to provide comments and regulate development of
Critical Dune areas. The State law requires the Department of Environmental Quality to
give local government the opportunity for such comment and regulation. Such guidance
may include recommendations for avoidance, shared development, slope limitations,
and density limits. Development of such Policy and regulations will, at a minimum
provide uniformity to the review process and allow the City a basis for acting on
concerns such as density and access.
Wetlands
The City should have it's own policy and development regulations for wetlands. The
City's remaining wetlands are generally in areas not well suited for other development
due to physical characteristics. The State of Michigan and Federal Government will
allow the City to comment on projects. Wetland protection policy and development
regulations would provide a uniform treatment of wetlands and allow the City to regulate
construction in them. Not all permits from the State and Federal government allowing
destruction of wetlands, require creation of mitigation wetlands and this could result in a
net loss of remaining wetlands within the City.
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Master Land Use Plan
4. GENERIC ZONING AND DESIGN CRITERIA
FOR NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Rivers and Stream Corridors
Each of the stream corridors and the Muskegon River are valuable to the overall Natural
Features system within the City. Zoning and design criteria such as Natural Feature
Overlay Zoning Districts and development standards, Planned Unit Development
Standards, site plan review, cluster development regulations, building height limits,
Special Use Standards should be instituted to provide for the continued protection of the
resources. More stringent standards would provide required buffers, setbacks, density,
stormwater management, and similar guidelines for the continued preservation and
enhancement of the corridors.
Woodlands
Tree preservation plans may require developers and home owners to contact the City,
prior to removing trees. The trees on the property could be inventoried and then steps
such as avoidance, replacement, or trimming may be recommended by the City. A tree
study of the City may reveal areas where this approach may be more valuable than
others, such as historic districts, stream corridors, or other mature areas
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Master Land Use Plan
5. DEVELOPMENT AND ENFORCEMENT OF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS
AND OTHER POSSIBLE MODIFICATIONS
FOR SENSITIVE NATURAL AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Ryerson Creek
Investigate source of septic water near mouth of Ryerson Creek near Ottawa Street.
There has been septic odor during various studies, including the preparation of this
report, where the railroad tracks cross the creek.
Future enforcement of stormwater management practices, and possible retrofit of existing
systems, may reduce the amount of hydrocarbon contaminants being introduced to the
stream and Muskegon Lake. The feasibility for mechanisms such as elimination of curb
and gutter or retention/detention systems in new developments should be addressed, as
they may reduce the amount of runoff and nonpoint source pollution from residential
areas.
Ruddiman Creek and Lagoon
Continued investigation, isolation, and correction of historic septic discharges to the
storm sewer system are recommended. This is a key priority because the current health
advisory for contact with Ruddiman Creek and Ruddiman Lagoon, due to high levels of
fecal bacteria, is a limiting factor in the recreational use and enjoyment of the resource.
Ruddiman Creek and Lagoon have been impacted by oil and grease, likely due to area
hydrocarbon facilities and pipelines, but also potential urban runoff from commercial
parking areas. Future enforcement of stormwater management practices, and possible
retrofit of existing systems, may reduce the amount of hydrocarbon contaminants being
introduced to the stream and Muskegon Lake. Other possibilities such as elimination of
curb and gutter or retention/detention systems in areas may reduce the amount of runoff
and nonpoint source pollution from residential and commercial areas.
Muskegon Lake and Lakeshore
Design and implement a plan for systematic investigation, isolation, and correction of
historic septic discharges to the storm sewer system. Determine the viability of
incorporating an assessment of industrial discharge locations and concentrations, and
determine if there are nonpermitted industrial discharges to the stormwater system.
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5. DEVELOPMENT AND ENFORCEMENT OF CITY STORMWATER MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS
AND OTHER POSSIBLE MODIFICATIONS
FOR SENSITIVE NATURAL AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Wetlands
Develop and/or revise, and enforce stormwater management practices. Stormwater
management within the watersheds associated with wetland areas, may help to reduce
sediment and other pollutants associated with residential uses and commercial parking
lot runoff. A reduction of the pollutants will help increase water quality, and the
wetlands longevity.
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6. PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Muskegon Lake and Lakeshore
Several parcels of land along the lake, especially these eight Natural Areas identified by
Day & Associates, Inc., should be preserved. Preservation can be accomplished through
zoning, and/or actual acquisition of the land. Preservation and enhancement can be in
concert with development when done correctly, so one does not preclude the other.
However, some areas such as the former Pigeon Hill area, Cottage Grove shoreline area,
and Old Field Community northeast of Fisherman's Landing are areas where
conservation and passive recreational usage is recommended. These parcels represent
large, unique natural areas that serve as important wildlife habitat and open space.
Lake Michigan
Acquire/set aside areas for continued preservation and enhancement of the Lake
Michigan Shoreline, including allowing the development of some small dunes with dune
grass, between manicured beeches. This also applies to the north shore, which is less
developed and has native dune aesthetics.
Dunes
Conservation of publicly owned property which contains dunes or Critical Dune areas is
recommended. These areas represent the only areas where the City can maintain full
control over the development and protection of the Dunes. This also applies to the north
shore, which is less developed and has native dune aesthetics.
Explore the possibility of working with conservation groups to acquire parcels of dune
area such as the large undeveloped portion of the former Pigeon Hill. Place the dune
area in permanent conservancy for protection and passive recreational and educational
uses.
Wetlands
The wetlands adjacent to the Muskegon State Game Area, is indistinguishable from the
ones within the Game Area and therefore are functionally just as valuable. These areas
should not be developed other than for passive recreational enjoyment as a wildlife
habitat and as a ecosystem education opportunity.
Areas southwest of the causeway and along the south and middle branch of the river
should also be set aside due to their general unsuitability for development and high value
as natural areas/habitat.
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Natural Features Inventory
Master Land Use Plan
6. PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Fourmile Creek and Sandford's Bayou
The area along the north side of Sandford's Bayou and Fourmile Creek offers excellent
potential for recreational use and enjoyment. As such, the possibility of acquisition
and/or preservation of this area should be explored. Maintaining this area as a Natural
Area has several possibilities for land use, while preserving it's value as a viewshed and
natural wildlife area.
Where available, the Fourmile Creek floodplain and riparian zone should be preserved
as an important greenbelt. This may include land acquisition, preservation, and or
zoning controls.
Acquire/set aside areas for continued preservation and enhancement of the Sandfords
Bayou and surrounding areas as an important part of the Fourmile Creek greenbelt.
Sandford's Bayou is a beautiful surface water body, that currently has little or no access
for it's use. Limited access is afforded by the north and south shorelines.
Ryerson Creek
The Ryerson Creek greenbelt has been protected by the City acquiring lands which
contain the stream, floodplain, and immediate riparian area. Where possible, the City
should acquire and set aside properties which encompass the Ryerson Creek floodplain
and immediate upland area. This may also facilitate future conversion of primitive trails
into nature trails along the floodplain.
Little Black Creek
The Little Black Creek greenbelt has value as an excellent wildlife habitat and corridor
area. Land acquisition and/or preservation of it's entire length will continue to ensure it
remains a viable habitat and corridor area, and may be a potential recreational area
within the City some day. Currently, the associated land use along the creek is mostly
industrial and commercial. These land uses actually enhance the Little Black Creek
greenbelt, because not many people use the woods resulting in an area that is very quiet,
and not disturbing to the animals during evening and night hours.
Master Land Use Plan
City of Muskegon 5 31
Natural Features Inventory
Master Land Use Plan
6. PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL FEATURES AND AREAS
SPECIFIC RECOMMENDED ACTION/POLICY
Woodlands
A tree inventory for the City of Muskegon to identify areas in addition to the three areas
previously described should be completed. This survey may result in additional areas
where tree preservation practices are desirable.
Evaluate the potential for a canopy corridor between Ryerson Creek and Fourmile Creek
in the vicinity of Jackson Hill. There are existing woodland resources within the area,
and protection and enhancement will connect the two greenbelts. If viable, tree
preservation and enhancement could be used to ensure this area will remain a tree
canopy corridor between the two greenbelts.
Master Land Use Plan
City of Muskegon 5 32