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                                    Brownfield Analysis
                                     Master Land Use Plan
             


INTRODUCTION                                      current regulatory climate, identify funding
                                                  and tax incentives for brownfield
The City of Muskegon, like many towns in          redevelopment, identify known sites of
the U.S. Great Lakes basin, has a history of      environmental contamination, evaluate the
heavy industrial commerce.  In Muskegon's         impact of contamination on the economic
case, much of this industry originated with       viability of these sites in light current and
metal foundry operations that supported the       foreseeable land use, and outline
national defense and the automotive               recommendations for supplementing the
industries, both of which grew                    City's existing brownfield strategy.  The
tremendously in the 1940's and 1950's.            analysis is essentially a "snap shot" in time
Machining  and pattern making which are           and was not intended to be an in-depth
both affiliated with these industries, are        analysis of all brownfield sites in the City.
heavily represented in Muskegon's past.
Industrial and heavy commercial continue          Old industrial and heavy commercial
to represent important economic engines in        properties may have been impacted by
the community.  Nearly 30 percent of              historical manufacturing and hazardous
today's workforce in Muskegon is in               substance management activities.
manufacturing.                                    Although, current environmental
                                                  regulations ensure that today's industries do
Muskegon's industrial history led to the          not adversely affect human health or the
general perception of the City as a factory       environment, buyer's concerns about
or "foundry town."  To some, Muskegon is          liability for cleanup of old releases has
an archetypal example of a rust belt, old         driven industrial and commercial
industrial town, which has seen better days       development to undeveloped greenfield
and is somehow tainted with the remnants          sites.  This threat of historical
of its industrial history.  While Muskegon        contamination, whether real or perceived,
does have over 100 acres of brownfield            has been a barrier to the productive use of
sites in the Downtown area, the City's            abandoned and under utilized "brownfield"
aggressive plan for brownfield                    sites.  The public's belief that brownfield
redevelopment is designed to negate these         and Superfund sites are synonymous
perceptions by bringing new businesses            unfairly stigmatizes many industrial and
back to the urban core.  For example, the         commercial properties.  Although
City was awarded a $1,000,000 Site                brownfield sites may be contaminated, the
Assessment Fund grant to perform an in-           contamination usually does not severely
depth analysis of and to develop                  impact site use, and any necessary cleanup
recommendations on 13 lakefront                   can normally be performed within a
brownfield sites.  This work is currently         reasonably short time frame.
being performed under the Muskegon area-
wide site assessment program.  To continue        The following section on the new
the progress made under the Site                  regulatory climate for brownfield sites
Assessment Fund grant, a limited                  describes how the legislature has removed
brownfield analysis was undertaken as part        many of the disincentives to the
of the City's planning efforts to evaluate the    redevelopment of contaminated property. 



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The intent of the Part 201 amendments to             preserves open space by reducing
the Michigan Natural Resources and                   urban sprawl.
Environmental Protection Act (NREPA,
formerly Act 307) is to level the playing              Environmental improvements.
field.  That is, to remove environmental             Abandoned industrial and commercial
concerns as an obstacle to redevelopment.            properties present unknown risks to
All of the other factors that come into play         public health and the environment.
when comparing an existing site to a                 Any potential risks are evaluated and
greenfield site such as infrastructure               addressed during the redevelopment of
improvements and demolition costs must               a brownfield site through the use of
still be considered.  There are, however,            exposure controls and/or cleanup,
benefits to the community and the private            resulting in a cleaner and safer
sector that are unique to brownfields.               community.

The potential benefits to the community           Brownfield redevelopment also benefits the
from brownfield redevelopment include:            private parties that are involved in the
                                                  transaction.  The following describes the
     Recovery of tax base.  When an               potential benefits for the major players in a
   industrial or commercial site is closed        brownfield redevelopment project:
   or abandoned tax revenues are
   significantly reduced, if not eliminated.           Lending Institutions.  Lending
   Bringing business back to these sites             institutions benefit because
   puts them back on the tax roles.                  redevelopment means new
Job Creation.  Redeveloping brownfield               opportunities for business.  Under
   sites creates jobs in the urban core City         today's legal and regulatory climate in
   and helps to revitalize the surrounding           Michigan liability concerns regarding
   neighborhoods.                                    brownfield sites are minimized, and
                                                     there by reducing the  risk to the loan
     Reuse of existing infrastructure.               collateral and the borrower's business
   Unlike an undeveloped, "greenfield"               plan.
   site, brownfield sites have existing
   infrastructure.  The availability of sewer,         Buyers and Developers.  Buyers and
   water, roads, and utilities may result in         developers benefit directly from the
   substantial cost savings, as compared to          broader selection of properties from
   a greenfield site.  Any improvements              which to choose.  Many brownfield
   made as part of the brownfield                    sites are less costly than greenfield and
   development benefit the surrounding               the funding and tax incentives that are
   community.                                        available for brownfields often makes
                                                     the brownfield site very competitive.
     Preservation of open space.
   Redeveloping abandoned or idle                      The Property Owner or Seller.  The
   industrial and commercial properties              property owner or seller may be either
                                                     private or public.  For the public seller,



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    brownfield redevelopment provides the           had an environmental contamination
    obvious benefit of returning an unused          problem "warehoused" unused properties
    or underutilized property to productive         due to fear of what a buyer's due diligence
    and revenue-generating use.  For the            process might find.  The June 5, 1995
    private seller, it offers the opportunity to    amendments to Part 201 significantly
    realize a financial return on a property        changed the dynamics of brownfield
    that might otherwise remain dormant.            property transactions and site remediation
                                                    by creating new liability exemptions for
     Environmental Regulators.                      buyers, lenders and innocent
    Environmental regulators are direct             owner/operators; establishing risk-based
    beneficiaries whenever a successful             cleanup criteria; and requiring responsible
    development plan becomes the                    parties to take affirmative steps to remediate
    environmental remedy of a                       contamination.
    contaminated site.  This helps meet the
    regulatory goal of cleaning up the              The Part 201 amendments are critical to a
    environment.                                    community's ability to successfully
                                                    redevelop brownfield sites.  The legislative
     Contractors and Construction Firms.            intent behind the amendments was to foster
    Contractors and construction firms              the redevelopment and reuse of vacant
    benefit from construction of new                manufacturing facilities and abandoned
    facilities on the redeveloped site or           industrial sites that have economic potential
    rehabilitation of existing buildings.  This     if the redevelopment or reuse assures the
    activity represents jobs and direct             protection of the public health, safety,
    economic impact on the community.               welfare, and the environment.

     Real Estate Brokers - The amendments           Part 201 addresses the liability concerns of
    to Part 201 have eliminated many of the         buyers and lenders with regards to state
    barriers to brownfield redevelopment,           enforcement.  Many potential brownfield
    allowing real estate brokers to actively        developers are still concerned about the
    market their portfolio of industrial or         U.S. EPA and Superfund.  Although the
    commercial brownfield properties.               federal Superfund law still has a strict, joint
                                                    and several liability scheme, the U.S. EPA
REGULATORY CLIMATE                                  recognizes that an adversarial, enforcement
                                                    approach will drive developers away from
Prior to June 1995, the high cost of                brownfield sites.  They have entered into a
attempting to "clean close" historically            memoranda of agreement with the
impacted property combined with the                 Michigan Department of Environmental
specter of strict, joint and several liability      Quality (MDEQ) that recognizes Michigan's
had brought industrial property transactions        Part 201 program and basically limits
in Michigan to a halt.  Buyers chose                federal involvement to sites on the National
greenfield sites to avoid cleanup costs and         Priorities List, sites subject to a Superfund
environmental liability.  Many property             orders, or sites where there is a substantial
owners who knew or suspected that they              or imminent threat to human health or the



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environment.  This means that federal             SUMMARY OF PART 201
enforcement is not a threat for the majority
of brownfield sites.                              Liability. In the past, any owner of a
F                                                 property could be held responsible for
     EDERAL BROWNFIELD                            contamination, regardless of fault.  Part 201
INIATIVES                                         now assigns responsibility to the party that
                                                  caused the contamination.  A new
The U.S. EPA has developed a Brownfields          purchaser can avoid liability by diligently
Economic Redevelopment Initiative to assist       investigating and documenting the
communities in revitalizing historically          environmental condition of the property.
industrial properties.  This program              Where a property is found to be
includes:                                         contaminated, a "Baseline Environmental
                                                  Assessment" (BEA) can be performed and
     removing sites from the Superfund            disclosed to the State of Michigan (and
      tracking system list that do not warrant    subsequent purchasers), thereby avoiding
      federal involvement;                        liability for any existing contamination.
                                                  Although such liability protection requires
     amending the National Priorities List to     time and money, it now allows a party to
      allow partial de-listing as a site is       purchase and use contaminated property
      remediated;                                 without acquiring the responsibility for fully
                                                  investigating and cleaning up existing
     creating guidance for prospective            contamination.
      purchaser agreements and expanding
      the circumstances under which the U.S.      "Innocent" buyers still have to comply with
      EPA will enter into agreements not to       a "due care" requirement, regardless of
      sue a buyer for existing contamination;     fault.  Unlike the BEA, which is a "snapshot
                                                  in time," this due care obligation is on
     issuing a directive that encourages the      going.  The focus of due care is to make
      consideration of land use when              sure that the site is safe for the public and
      developing cleanup criteria;                employees, and that the new use does not
                                                  make the existing contamination worse.
     developing an orphan share funding           The level of investigation to satisfy due care
      program for funding the portions of         may extend beyond what is necessary for a
      clean-up costs attributable to insolvent    BEA.  It may also lead to remediation
      liable parties (note: this program is       and/or the use of engineering or
      under funded);                              institutional controls to prevent adverse
                                                  exposures.  The risk-based cleanup criteria
     issuing guidance that clarifies Superfund    described below ensure that any
      liability for lenders, local units of       remediation is focused only on what is
      government, and owners of property          appropriate for the type of site use.
      with contaminated aquifers.                 Cleanup Standards.  The Part 201
                                                  amendments establish a reasonable, risk



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based approach to the remediation of             adequate BEA, and may turn the property
industrial sites.  We no longer assume that      over to the state if environmental conditions
all properties must be cleaned up to pristine    have made it unmarketable.  Since the
levels.  Part 201 now requires that future       amendments prohibit the imposition of
land use be incorporated into setting the        superliens on non-liable parties, the
cleanup standards for a particular site.         potential for the lender's security interest to
Institutional controls, such as a restrictive    be impaired is reduced.  The statute also
covenant on the property deed that               provides guidance on what is and is not
prohibits the installation of potable wells      considered participating in the management
and engineering controls such as using           of a facility," thereby assisting lenders in
pavement to cover stained soils, may be          defining their role and limiting their
used to prevent adverse exposures                liability.  
eliminating the need for expensive
cleanups.  Often site improvements such as       FUNDING AND TAX INCENTIVES
a building expansion or paved parking may
be used to address due care concerns.            Environmental Protection Bond Fund
Liability Protection for Local Units of
Government.  Part 201 (Section 26)               In November 1988, Michigan voters
recognizes the key role that municipal           approved the Environmental Protection
government plays in brownfield                   Bond.  Of the $800 million approved, $425
redevelopment.  The following exemptions         million was targeted toward the cleanup of
from liability were designed to assist local     sites contaminated with hazardous
units of government in their role:               substances.  The Environmental Protection
                                                 Bond Implementation Act (1988 PA 328)
     a local unit of government that acquires    set aside $45 million from the bond in a
   property involuntary (e.g. tax reversion)     site reclamation program (SRP) to
   is not liable;                                encourage reuse of contaminated sites for
                                                 economic development.  At the time of this
     a local unit of government that acquires    writing, the existing funding level in the
   an easement, or acquires an interest in       SRP is approximately $20 million.
   property through dedication, or as a
   public right-of-way, is not liable; and       Environmental Cleanup and
                                                 Redevelopment Funding Legislation
     a local unit of government that leases
   property to another party is not liable.      The legislature enacted additional
                                                 incentives in the summer of 1996 to
Liability Protection for Lenders.    Part 201    facilitate the successful implementation of
clarifies legal liability for lenders to         Part 201.  The five-bill package was
encourage them to make loans on                  designed to meet the following goals:
brownfield sites.  Lenders may foreclose on
contaminated property without assuming                to provide a new source of funding for
liability for cleanup if they prepare an             cleanups;



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     to facilitate brownfield redevelopment;     assembly and clearance and/or
                                                 rehabilitation and loans or grants for
     to provide new local funding                infrastructure.  The second program under
   mechanisms; and                               the Michigan Renaissance Fund is the
                                                 Michigan Community Development Block
     to focus spending priorities on the         Grant (CDBG) program.  Grants are
   protection and human health and the           available for communities under 50,000
   environment.                                  under this program for economic
                                                 development, public infrastructure, land
The cleanup incentives include the state         acquisition, clearance and/or rehabilitation. 
revitalization revolving loan fund, the
ability for municipalities to capture state      The long-term viability of the Renaissance
and local property taxes for cleanup costs       Fund is unknown at the time of this writing.
through brownfield redevelopment                 The fund receives revenues from tribal
authorities and a single business tax credit     casinos (i.e., 8 percent of electronic
program for response activities at               gambling revenue).  The new law that
brownfield sites.                                allows for casinos in Detroit nullifies this
                                                 1993 revenues sharing agreement.  A state
The Brownfield Redevelopment Financing           court recently ruled against the tribes
Act will allow cities like Muskegon to           requiring the revenue sharing agreement to
create Brownfield Redevelopment                  stay in place until a Detroit casino opens.
Authorities to capture state and local           This should provide funding for the next
property taxes to pay for response activities    two years.
at contaminated sites within brownfield
redevelopment zones.  This act also allows       Other possible funding sources include:
municipalities to establish a local site
remediation revolving loan fund.                      the CDBG Economic Development
                                                     Infrastructure Programs
A credit against the single business tax is
available for qualified taxpayers that                the CDBG Economic Development
perform response activities at a                     Planning Program
contaminated site in a brownfield
redevelopment zone.  This incentive is only           the CDBG Rebuild Michigan Program
available for parties who are not liable
under Section 26 of Part 201.                    U.S. EPA Brownfield Grants
Michigan Jobs Commission Grants and
Loans                                            The U.S. EPA has a Brownfields Pilot grant
                                                 program which provides up to $200,000 to
The Michigan Renaissance Fund also has           states, local units of government and
two programs that are designed to assist         Indian-tribes to support creative site
local units of government in revitalizing        assessment, clean-up and redevelopment
brownfield sites.  The Center of Michigan's      solutions for brownfield sites.
Renaissance Program provides loans for site      INTRODUCTION TO CITY'S


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BROWNFIELD  REDEVELOPMENT                      business district to capture incremental
P                                              taxes for reinvestment within the district.
  ROGRAM
                                               BROWNFIELD SCREENING
Muskegon's Downtown has over 100 acres
of brownfield property.  Three projects
along the waterfront are excellent examples    Approach
of Muskegon's successful brownfield
redevelopment.  The Waterfront Center is a     The City of Muskegon has begun several
mixed-use commercial retail office and         efforts to address brownfields, including the
marina complex that was built on an eleven     identification of properties that were
acre industrial site. Heritage Landing         potentially impacted by historical
transformed a former scrap metal yard into     manufacturing or commercial activities, the
a 20 acre park complete with a playground,     implementation of an area wide site
waterfront walkway and festival band shell.    assessment program under a state grant; the
The corporate headquarters for the SPX         redevelopment of brownfield sites through
Corporation was built on a 15 acre foundry     public/private partnerships and the creation
site.  This site also includes a marina and    of a brownfield redevelopment authority.
restaurant.                                    As part of this Master Plan, a formally
                                               documented list of environmentally
Muskegon has aggressively pursued state        contaminated sites was reviewed and each
funds to facilitate brownfield                 site was groundtruthed for its actual
redevelopment.  The City was awarded a         location in the City.  This information was
$1,000,000 grant under the Michigan Site       loaded into one layer of the City's
Assessment Fund.  The funds are being          geographic information system (GIS), in
used to do an in-depth investigation at 13     order to provide for further analysis or study
brownfield sites along the Muskegon            as necessary.    Sites that are being
lakefront.                                     investigated under the Site Assessment
                                               Fund program will be added to this base
The City recognizes that environmental         when the project is completed.  The site list
concerns are only one factor in the            was also compared to the overall plan
redevelopment of contaminated sites.           recommendations, and considered for the
Muskegon's brownfield redevelopment            development of specific recommendations
program is a piece of a well established       with respect to brownfield redevelopment.
economic development incentives program.
The City has both a federal and state          The source of the data was the MDEQ,
enterprise zone designation which provides     which is charged with tracking all known
businesses within these zones the              sites of contamination within the State.
opportunity to receive many special            Specifically, the last printed a list of
incentives.  The City operates two Local       contaminated sites was reviewed
Development Finance Authorities, one in        ("Michigan Sites of Environmental
each industrial park, and a Downtown           Contamination" Volume I, April 1995 for
Development Authority within the central       Fiscal Year 1996, Michigan Department of
                                               Natural Resources, Environmental Response



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Division).  This list contains sites which are
known by the State to be impacted with                                                                                            Fourteen Act 307 and 19 LUST sites in the
substances which are regulated under Part                                                                                         City of Muskegon are shown on Map
201; the impact may take the form of soil or                                                                                      entitles "Part 201 of NREPA and LUST Site
groundwater contamination, and to a lesser                                                                                        Inventory.  The recorded name, location,
extent, surface water and sediment                                                                                                regulatory status, and in the case of Part
contamination.                                                                                                                    201 sites, pollutants of concern are listed in
                                                                                                                                  Tables 8.1 and 8.2.  All locations were
Associated with the contaminated sites list,                                                                                      groundtruthed using the MDEQ published
and also included in this analysis, were                                                                                          data (note there may have been errors in
leaking underground storage tank (LUST)                                                                                           the database and exact ownership may be
sites.  The LUST sites included in this                                                                                           in dispute or no longer current).  Site names
analysis were those published by MDEQ at                                                                                          may refer to previous owners, managers, or
the same time as the Part 201 list.                                                                                               simply a nearby landmark; regulatory status
                                                                                                                                  may change over time; and pollutants of
The Part 201 and LUST sites listed by the                                                                                         concern can change as new field and
MDEQ represent the sites that are known to                                                                                        laboratory data is obtained for a particular
the Department.  The MDEQ is constantly                                                                                           site.
revising this list to make both additions and
deletions.  There are also sites that would                                                                                       PART 201 AND LUST MAPPING
meet the definition of a brownfield that are
not on either list.  For example, the City is                                                                                     GENERAL FINDINGS 
working on a number of sites through the
Site Assessment Fund program and other                                                                                                 There are fewer than expected known
redevelopment efforts that are not on the                                                                                             sites of contamination within the City
state list:                                                                                                                           limits.  This analysis contradicts the
                                                                                                                                      public perception of the City of
                                                                                       Terrace Street Lots                            Muskegon as a land area containing a
                                                                                       Muskegon Rag and Metal                         large number of contaminated
                                                                                       Carpenter Brothers Building                    properties. 
                                                                                       Amazon Building
                                                                                       Westran Facility                                While some general trends in the
                                                                                       West Michigan Street Foundry                   distribution of the sites across the City
                                                                                       CMS - Consumer Site                            are apparent, no particular area exhibits
                                                                                       Muskegon Farmers Market                        a high concentration.  The distribution
                                                                                       Fisher Steel                                   can generally be tied to historic
                                                                                       Muskegon Cast Products                         industrial areas and commercial
                                                                                       Teledyne Lakefront Site                        corridors, the latter more likely to
                                                                                       Muskegon Boiler Works                          contain LUST sites (as expected given
                                                                                       Westshore Pavilion                             the common location of automotive
                                                                                       Interspace                                     service facilities).  The Muskegon Lake
                                                                                                                                      shoreline is also an identifiable area of
                                                                                    Results                                           known sites;  this reflects the general



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   industrial history of the shoreline.              industrial use will likely remain for
                                                     many years.  
     The sites identified and mapped in this
   analysis provide a good indicator of               Menendorp Industrial Park.  About 20
   where similar, but unidentified sites             percent of the sites are in the "middle-
   may occur.  Commercial corridors, the             aged" industrial area in the southeastern
   Muskegon Lake shoreline and other                 part of the City; the area that is now
   historic industrial locations would be            planned as the Menendorp Industrial
   expected to exhibit environmental                 Park.  Though six sites are associated
   contamination.                                    with this area, only two were identified
                                                     as Part 201 sites.
     Many of the sites are in current use,
   with little apparent adverse impact                The South-Central Area Around
   arising from the identified                       Laketon and Seaway.  This historic
   contamination.  Approximately 65                  industrial area is home to several
   percent of the identified sites appear to         identified sites, including the Brunswick
   be in current use, most of these in a             facility which is an important part of
   manner similar to their original use.             Muskegon's current and historical
                                                     economic vitality.  Many of these sites
Comparison to Existing and Future Land               are in close proximity to an historic
Uses                                                 railroad line, a common indicator of
                                                     industrial property use in urban areas.
To evaluate the potential effect of these            Much of this area is also planned to
sites on current land use patterns and to            continue in industrial use.
make the  recommendations for future land
use addressed elsewhere in the Master Plan,           Commercial Corridors.  Several
several sub-areas were delineated.                   important streets or commercial
                                                     corridors in the City are the locations of
     Muskegon Lake Shoreline.    The                 LUST sites.  This is a common
   shoreline is in transition from nearly            phenomena, and Getty and Laketon
   ubiquitous industrial land use.  Thus it          both exhibited this character.  Other
   is not surprising that this exercise              major commercial corridors with
   identified that nearly 30 percent of all          historic automotive service facilities
   Part 201 and LUST sites within the City           (e.g., Henry) likely have tank-related
   were in close proximity to the Lake.              concerns.
   The shoreline is also known to be the
   location of significant quantities of sand    Since the City's industrial areas and
   fill previously used in foundry               commercial corridors are generally
   operations.  Future land use plans for        expected to remain in industrial or
   the shoreline are based on a fully mixed      commercial use, the negative impact of
   use, with greenspace and parkland,            environmental contamination on the City's
   commercial, and possibly even                 land use plans appears to be limited.  The
   residential use planned, although some        new state liability standards are specifically



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designed to avoid placing the burden of          Steven Brooks recently wrote for the
environmental remediation on new owners          National League of Cites that "a City that
or managers of a property.  While taking         encourages brownfields redevelopment can
the necessary steps to avoid acquiring           attract new business to its community,
liability for past contamination requires        broaden its tax base, increase construction
some cost and time (i.e., through the            activity, and create jobs."  The City of
creation and filing of a BEA), these costs       Muskegon recognizes these benefits and
should be manageable in most cases.              has integrated brownfield programs into
                                                 their existing economic development
Likewise, the new land use or exposure-          incentives framework.  The
based cleanup standards allow considerable       recommendations outlined below are
flexibility in the use of contaminated           designed to build on the success of the Site
property, as long as these issues are            Assessment Fund grant and take advantage
adequately incorporated in the planning          of the favorable regulatory climate and state
and site development steps.  In some cases,      and federal brownfield incentives.
commercial use of an industrial property
may allow less restrictive standards than        Specific Recommendations
industrial uses. The use of former industrial
site for residential or recreational use may          Continue the brownfield screening
require additional remediation or more              program and determine current
extensive exposure controls.                        ownership of sites on the list.  For
                                                    example, a review of City directories
While historical contamination is not an            would provide information on sites with
insurmountable barrier, there are steps the         industrial histories that are likely to be
City can take to level the playing field for        impacted.
brownfield sites and get underutilized
property back into full and productive use.           Continue to update the brownfield GIS
For instance, some property owners are              layer so that it may be used as a
reluctant to take any action with their             planning tool for brownfield
property because they believe there is a            redevelopment.  Consider expanding
significant possibility they will be required       the number of fields to increase its
to undertake massive environmental                  flexibility and make it more useful to
investigation and remediation efforts.  By          the private sector.
actively seeking incentives for these owners
to act, the City will be able to prevent the          Continue to monitor developments in
"warehousing" of its historically                   environmental regulations, tax
commercial and industrial land.                     incentives, and funding sources.

CONCLUSIONS AND                                       Continue to seek state and federal
R                                                   funding opportunities to address
  ECOMMENDATIONS                                    brownfield issues.  A good track record
                                                    in obtaining State-level resources exists,
                                                    but further opportunities are most likely



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   available (e.g. site reclamation funds,
   state revolving loan funds and
   renaissance funds).  Pursue a
   brownfield pilot program grant from
   U.S. EPA.

     Enact a groundwater use ordinance that
   prohibits the installation and use of
   potable wells in areas with known
   groundwater contamination.

     Finalize the development of a
   Brownfield Redevelopment Authority.
   Use the brownfield site map prepared
   under the master plan as the basis for
   defining a City-wide brownfield zone.

     Expand on the work done under the
   Site Assessment Fund grant to
   determine the marketability of identified
   brownfield sites.

     Continue to implement  sound goal-
   oriented land use planning and
   implementation.  Coordinate with
   brownfield efforts to identify rezoning
   and infrastructure needs.  Consider
   environmental issues when evaluating
   infrastructure needs.  Integrate utility
   upgrades with any required
   remediation.

     Host a workshop that provides
   information on brownfield
   redevelopment and financial and tax
   incentives.










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                     Site Name                                 Location                           Pollutants                                         Status
 1.  Old City of Muskegon Dump                           61-10N-16W-17BD Domestic, Commmercial, Light                            No Actions Taken
                                                                                   Industrial
 2.  Nordco Drum Getty Street                            61-10N-16W-29DA Phthalates, BTEX, TCE                                   Evaluation/Interim Response -Fund
 3.  Theresa Street Area                                 61-10N-16W-33AB Nickel, TCE                                             Evaluation/Interim Response -Fund
 4.  Whittaker Electric                                  61-10N-16W-31BA PCB, DCE                                                Evaluation/Interim Response -Fund
 5.  American Coil Spring Co.                            61-10N-16W-33BD Chromium, TCE, 1,2 DCE                                  Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
 6.  Amoco Oil Terminal                                  61-10N-17W-25             BTEX, MTBE                                    Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
 7.  Anaconda Industries                                 61-10N-17W-25BD Cresols, Organics                                       Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
 8.  Goetze Corporation                                  61-10N-16W-31AB Chromium, TCE, 1,2 DCE                                  Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
 9.  Grand Trunk Railroad Dock                           61-10N-17W-35BA BTEX, Naphthalene                                       Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
 10. MichCon Lakey Foundry                               61-10N-16W-19CD Xylene, Toluene, Zinc, Lead,                            Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
                                                                                   Benzene
 11. Old Muskegon Wastewater Treatment                   61-10N-16W-17CA Benzidine, Arsenic, Nitrobenzene                        Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
     Plant
 12. Our Lady of Grace Church Gas                        61-10N-16W-20AD Benzene, Toluene, Xylene                                Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
     Contamination
 13. Sealed Power Corporation - Sanford Street 61-10N-16W-31AB Trichloroethylene, Dichloroethene                                 Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
 14. Brunswick Corporation                               61-10N-16W-30CC Toluene                                                 Final Cleanup - PRP/Other
 Source: "Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination," Volume I April 1995 for Fiscal Year 1996, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Response Division

 Table 8.1                                                                                                                   Part 201 of NREPA Site Inventory










Master Land Use Plan
City of Muskegon                                                                                                                       8     13



                                          Brownfield Analysis
                                          Master Land Use Plan
             


                               Name                                                 Location
     1.  Central Transport                                          875 East Barney Street
     2.  Sure-Line Screw Products                                   1210 East Barney Street
     3.  Public Service Building - City of Muskegon                 1350 East Keating Avenue
     4.  S.D. Warren #1                                             2400 Lakeshore Drive
     5.  Wesco #13                                                  1075 West Laketon Avenue
     6.  Laketon Auto Clinic                                        1087 West Laketon Avenue
     7.  United Station #6306 - West Laketon                        860 West Laketon Avenue
     8.  Hartshorn Marina                                           920 Western
     9.  Fisher Steel                                               259 Ottawa Street
     10. Charles Service Center                                     1045 Getty Street
     11. Great Lakes Plating Corporation                            710 Pulaski Avenue
     12. Acme Cleaners                                              1780 Beidler Street
     13. United Station #6294 - Peck Street #1                      1989 Peck Street
     14. Video Movies                                               1801 Peck Street
     15. United Station #6300 - Laketon Avenue #1                   1045 East Laketon Avenue
     16. Sealed Power Hy-Lift Division                              1185 East Keating
     17. Muskegon Correctional Facility                             2400 South Sheridan Road
     18. Pri-Per Investment Company Property                        4 East Webster Avenue
     19. Reed Tire Service                                          9 East Webster Avenue
     Source: "Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination," Volume I April 1995 for Fiscal Year 1996, 
                    Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Response Division
     Table 8.2                                          Leaking Underground Storage Tank
                                                                             (LUST) Site Inventory













Master Land Use Plan
City of Muskegon                                                                           8     14