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Brownfield Analysis
Master Land Use Plan
INTRODUCTION current regulatory climate, identify funding
and tax incentives for brownfield
The City of Muskegon, like many towns in redevelopment, identify known sites of
the U.S. Great Lakes basin, has a history of environmental contamination, evaluate the
heavy industrial commerce. In Muskegon's impact of contamination on the economic
case, much of this industry originated with viability of these sites in light current and
metal foundry operations that supported the foreseeable land use, and outline
national defense and the automotive recommendations for supplementing the
industries, both of which grew City's existing brownfield strategy. The
tremendously in the 1940's and 1950's. analysis is essentially a "snap shot" in time
Machining and pattern making which are and was not intended to be an in-depth
both affiliated with these industries, are analysis of all brownfield sites in the City.
heavily represented in Muskegon's past.
Industrial and heavy commercial continue Old industrial and heavy commercial
to represent important economic engines in properties may have been impacted by
the community. Nearly 30 percent of historical manufacturing and hazardous
today's workforce in Muskegon is in substance management activities.
manufacturing. Although, current environmental
regulations ensure that today's industries do
Muskegon's industrial history led to the not adversely affect human health or the
general perception of the City as a factory environment, buyer's concerns about
or "foundry town." To some, Muskegon is liability for cleanup of old releases has
an archetypal example of a rust belt, old driven industrial and commercial
industrial town, which has seen better days development to undeveloped greenfield
and is somehow tainted with the remnants sites. This threat of historical
of its industrial history. While Muskegon contamination, whether real or perceived,
does have over 100 acres of brownfield has been a barrier to the productive use of
sites in the Downtown area, the City's abandoned and under utilized "brownfield"
aggressive plan for brownfield sites. The public's belief that brownfield
redevelopment is designed to negate these and Superfund sites are synonymous
perceptions by bringing new businesses unfairly stigmatizes many industrial and
back to the urban core. For example, the commercial properties. Although
City was awarded a $1,000,000 Site brownfield sites may be contaminated, the
Assessment Fund grant to perform an in- contamination usually does not severely
depth analysis of and to develop impact site use, and any necessary cleanup
recommendations on 13 lakefront can normally be performed within a
brownfield sites. This work is currently reasonably short time frame.
being performed under the Muskegon area-
wide site assessment program. To continue The following section on the new
the progress made under the Site regulatory climate for brownfield sites
Assessment Fund grant, a limited describes how the legislature has removed
brownfield analysis was undertaken as part many of the disincentives to the
of the City's planning efforts to evaluate the redevelopment of contaminated property.
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The intent of the Part 201 amendments to preserves open space by reducing
the Michigan Natural Resources and urban sprawl.
Environmental Protection Act (NREPA,
formerly Act 307) is to level the playing Environmental improvements.
field. That is, to remove environmental Abandoned industrial and commercial
concerns as an obstacle to redevelopment. properties present unknown risks to
All of the other factors that come into play public health and the environment.
when comparing an existing site to a Any potential risks are evaluated and
greenfield site such as infrastructure addressed during the redevelopment of
improvements and demolition costs must a brownfield site through the use of
still be considered. There are, however, exposure controls and/or cleanup,
benefits to the community and the private resulting in a cleaner and safer
sector that are unique to brownfields. community.
The potential benefits to the community Brownfield redevelopment also benefits the
from brownfield redevelopment include: private parties that are involved in the
transaction. The following describes the
Recovery of tax base. When an potential benefits for the major players in a
industrial or commercial site is closed brownfield redevelopment project:
or abandoned tax revenues are
significantly reduced, if not eliminated. Lending Institutions. Lending
Bringing business back to these sites institutions benefit because
puts them back on the tax roles. redevelopment means new
Job Creation. Redeveloping brownfield opportunities for business. Under
sites creates jobs in the urban core City today's legal and regulatory climate in
and helps to revitalize the surrounding Michigan liability concerns regarding
neighborhoods. brownfield sites are minimized, and
there by reducing the risk to the loan
Reuse of existing infrastructure. collateral and the borrower's business
Unlike an undeveloped, "greenfield" plan.
site, brownfield sites have existing
infrastructure. The availability of sewer, Buyers and Developers. Buyers and
water, roads, and utilities may result in developers benefit directly from the
substantial cost savings, as compared to broader selection of properties from
a greenfield site. Any improvements which to choose. Many brownfield
made as part of the brownfield sites are less costly than greenfield and
development benefit the surrounding the funding and tax incentives that are
community. available for brownfields often makes
the brownfield site very competitive.
Preservation of open space.
Redeveloping abandoned or idle The Property Owner or Seller. The
industrial and commercial properties property owner or seller may be either
private or public. For the public seller,
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brownfield redevelopment provides the had an environmental contamination
obvious benefit of returning an unused problem "warehoused" unused properties
or underutilized property to productive due to fear of what a buyer's due diligence
and revenue-generating use. For the process might find. The June 5, 1995
private seller, it offers the opportunity to amendments to Part 201 significantly
realize a financial return on a property changed the dynamics of brownfield
that might otherwise remain dormant. property transactions and site remediation
by creating new liability exemptions for
Environmental Regulators. buyers, lenders and innocent
Environmental regulators are direct owner/operators; establishing risk-based
beneficiaries whenever a successful cleanup criteria; and requiring responsible
development plan becomes the parties to take affirmative steps to remediate
environmental remedy of a contamination.
contaminated site. This helps meet the
regulatory goal of cleaning up the The Part 201 amendments are critical to a
environment. community's ability to successfully
redevelop brownfield sites. The legislative
Contractors and Construction Firms. intent behind the amendments was to foster
Contractors and construction firms the redevelopment and reuse of vacant
benefit from construction of new manufacturing facilities and abandoned
facilities on the redeveloped site or industrial sites that have economic potential
rehabilitation of existing buildings. This if the redevelopment or reuse assures the
activity represents jobs and direct protection of the public health, safety,
economic impact on the community. welfare, and the environment.
Real Estate Brokers - The amendments Part 201 addresses the liability concerns of
to Part 201 have eliminated many of the buyers and lenders with regards to state
barriers to brownfield redevelopment, enforcement. Many potential brownfield
allowing real estate brokers to actively developers are still concerned about the
market their portfolio of industrial or U.S. EPA and Superfund. Although the
commercial brownfield properties. federal Superfund law still has a strict, joint
and several liability scheme, the U.S. EPA
REGULATORY CLIMATE recognizes that an adversarial, enforcement
approach will drive developers away from
Prior to June 1995, the high cost of brownfield sites. They have entered into a
attempting to "clean close" historically memoranda of agreement with the
impacted property combined with the Michigan Department of Environmental
specter of strict, joint and several liability Quality (MDEQ) that recognizes Michigan's
had brought industrial property transactions Part 201 program and basically limits
in Michigan to a halt. Buyers chose federal involvement to sites on the National
greenfield sites to avoid cleanup costs and Priorities List, sites subject to a Superfund
environmental liability. Many property orders, or sites where there is a substantial
owners who knew or suspected that they or imminent threat to human health or the
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environment. This means that federal SUMMARY OF PART 201
enforcement is not a threat for the majority
of brownfield sites. Liability. In the past, any owner of a
F property could be held responsible for
EDERAL BROWNFIELD contamination, regardless of fault. Part 201
INIATIVES now assigns responsibility to the party that
caused the contamination. A new
The U.S. EPA has developed a Brownfields purchaser can avoid liability by diligently
Economic Redevelopment Initiative to assist investigating and documenting the
communities in revitalizing historically environmental condition of the property.
industrial properties. This program Where a property is found to be
includes: contaminated, a "Baseline Environmental
Assessment" (BEA) can be performed and
removing sites from the Superfund disclosed to the State of Michigan (and
tracking system list that do not warrant subsequent purchasers), thereby avoiding
federal involvement; liability for any existing contamination.
Although such liability protection requires
amending the National Priorities List to time and money, it now allows a party to
allow partial de-listing as a site is purchase and use contaminated property
remediated; without acquiring the responsibility for fully
investigating and cleaning up existing
creating guidance for prospective contamination.
purchaser agreements and expanding
the circumstances under which the U.S. "Innocent" buyers still have to comply with
EPA will enter into agreements not to a "due care" requirement, regardless of
sue a buyer for existing contamination; fault. Unlike the BEA, which is a "snapshot
in time," this due care obligation is on
issuing a directive that encourages the going. The focus of due care is to make
consideration of land use when sure that the site is safe for the public and
developing cleanup criteria; employees, and that the new use does not
make the existing contamination worse.
developing an orphan share funding The level of investigation to satisfy due care
program for funding the portions of may extend beyond what is necessary for a
clean-up costs attributable to insolvent BEA. It may also lead to remediation
liable parties (note: this program is and/or the use of engineering or
under funded); institutional controls to prevent adverse
exposures. The risk-based cleanup criteria
issuing guidance that clarifies Superfund described below ensure that any
liability for lenders, local units of remediation is focused only on what is
government, and owners of property appropriate for the type of site use.
with contaminated aquifers. Cleanup Standards. The Part 201
amendments establish a reasonable, risk
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based approach to the remediation of adequate BEA, and may turn the property
industrial sites. We no longer assume that over to the state if environmental conditions
all properties must be cleaned up to pristine have made it unmarketable. Since the
levels. Part 201 now requires that future amendments prohibit the imposition of
land use be incorporated into setting the superliens on non-liable parties, the
cleanup standards for a particular site. potential for the lender's security interest to
Institutional controls, such as a restrictive be impaired is reduced. The statute also
covenant on the property deed that provides guidance on what is and is not
prohibits the installation of potable wells considered participating in the management
and engineering controls such as using of a facility," thereby assisting lenders in
pavement to cover stained soils, may be defining their role and limiting their
used to prevent adverse exposures liability.
eliminating the need for expensive
cleanups. Often site improvements such as FUNDING AND TAX INCENTIVES
a building expansion or paved parking may
be used to address due care concerns. Environmental Protection Bond Fund
Liability Protection for Local Units of
Government. Part 201 (Section 26) In November 1988, Michigan voters
recognizes the key role that municipal approved the Environmental Protection
government plays in brownfield Bond. Of the $800 million approved, $425
redevelopment. The following exemptions million was targeted toward the cleanup of
from liability were designed to assist local sites contaminated with hazardous
units of government in their role: substances. The Environmental Protection
Bond Implementation Act (1988 PA 328)
a local unit of government that acquires set aside $45 million from the bond in a
property involuntary (e.g. tax reversion) site reclamation program (SRP) to
is not liable; encourage reuse of contaminated sites for
economic development. At the time of this
a local unit of government that acquires writing, the existing funding level in the
an easement, or acquires an interest in SRP is approximately $20 million.
property through dedication, or as a
public right-of-way, is not liable; and Environmental Cleanup and
Redevelopment Funding Legislation
a local unit of government that leases
property to another party is not liable. The legislature enacted additional
incentives in the summer of 1996 to
Liability Protection for Lenders. Part 201 facilitate the successful implementation of
clarifies legal liability for lenders to Part 201. The five-bill package was
encourage them to make loans on designed to meet the following goals:
brownfield sites. Lenders may foreclose on
contaminated property without assuming to provide a new source of funding for
liability for cleanup if they prepare an cleanups;
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to facilitate brownfield redevelopment; assembly and clearance and/or
rehabilitation and loans or grants for
to provide new local funding infrastructure. The second program under
mechanisms; and the Michigan Renaissance Fund is the
Michigan Community Development Block
to focus spending priorities on the Grant (CDBG) program. Grants are
protection and human health and the available for communities under 50,000
environment. under this program for economic
development, public infrastructure, land
The cleanup incentives include the state acquisition, clearance and/or rehabilitation.
revitalization revolving loan fund, the
ability for municipalities to capture state The long-term viability of the Renaissance
and local property taxes for cleanup costs Fund is unknown at the time of this writing.
through brownfield redevelopment The fund receives revenues from tribal
authorities and a single business tax credit casinos (i.e., 8 percent of electronic
program for response activities at gambling revenue). The new law that
brownfield sites. allows for casinos in Detroit nullifies this
1993 revenues sharing agreement. A state
The Brownfield Redevelopment Financing court recently ruled against the tribes
Act will allow cities like Muskegon to requiring the revenue sharing agreement to
create Brownfield Redevelopment stay in place until a Detroit casino opens.
Authorities to capture state and local This should provide funding for the next
property taxes to pay for response activities two years.
at contaminated sites within brownfield
redevelopment zones. This act also allows Other possible funding sources include:
municipalities to establish a local site
remediation revolving loan fund. the CDBG Economic Development
Infrastructure Programs
A credit against the single business tax is
available for qualified taxpayers that the CDBG Economic Development
perform response activities at a Planning Program
contaminated site in a brownfield
redevelopment zone. This incentive is only the CDBG Rebuild Michigan Program
available for parties who are not liable
under Section 26 of Part 201. U.S. EPA Brownfield Grants
Michigan Jobs Commission Grants and
Loans The U.S. EPA has a Brownfields Pilot grant
program which provides up to $200,000 to
The Michigan Renaissance Fund also has states, local units of government and
two programs that are designed to assist Indian-tribes to support creative site
local units of government in revitalizing assessment, clean-up and redevelopment
brownfield sites. The Center of Michigan's solutions for brownfield sites.
Renaissance Program provides loans for site INTRODUCTION TO CITY'S
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BROWNFIELD REDEVELOPMENT business district to capture incremental
P taxes for reinvestment within the district.
ROGRAM
BROWNFIELD SCREENING
Muskegon's Downtown has over 100 acres
of brownfield property. Three projects
along the waterfront are excellent examples Approach
of Muskegon's successful brownfield
redevelopment. The Waterfront Center is a The City of Muskegon has begun several
mixed-use commercial retail office and efforts to address brownfields, including the
marina complex that was built on an eleven identification of properties that were
acre industrial site. Heritage Landing potentially impacted by historical
transformed a former scrap metal yard into manufacturing or commercial activities, the
a 20 acre park complete with a playground, implementation of an area wide site
waterfront walkway and festival band shell. assessment program under a state grant; the
The corporate headquarters for the SPX redevelopment of brownfield sites through
Corporation was built on a 15 acre foundry public/private partnerships and the creation
site. This site also includes a marina and of a brownfield redevelopment authority.
restaurant. As part of this Master Plan, a formally
documented list of environmentally
Muskegon has aggressively pursued state contaminated sites was reviewed and each
funds to facilitate brownfield site was groundtruthed for its actual
redevelopment. The City was awarded a location in the City. This information was
$1,000,000 grant under the Michigan Site loaded into one layer of the City's
Assessment Fund. The funds are being geographic information system (GIS), in
used to do an in-depth investigation at 13 order to provide for further analysis or study
brownfield sites along the Muskegon as necessary. Sites that are being
lakefront. investigated under the Site Assessment
Fund program will be added to this base
The City recognizes that environmental when the project is completed. The site list
concerns are only one factor in the was also compared to the overall plan
redevelopment of contaminated sites. recommendations, and considered for the
Muskegon's brownfield redevelopment development of specific recommendations
program is a piece of a well established with respect to brownfield redevelopment.
economic development incentives program.
The City has both a federal and state The source of the data was the MDEQ,
enterprise zone designation which provides which is charged with tracking all known
businesses within these zones the sites of contamination within the State.
opportunity to receive many special Specifically, the last printed a list of
incentives. The City operates two Local contaminated sites was reviewed
Development Finance Authorities, one in ("Michigan Sites of Environmental
each industrial park, and a Downtown Contamination" Volume I, April 1995 for
Development Authority within the central Fiscal Year 1996, Michigan Department of
Natural Resources, Environmental Response
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Division). This list contains sites which are
known by the State to be impacted with Fourteen Act 307 and 19 LUST sites in the
substances which are regulated under Part City of Muskegon are shown on Map
201; the impact may take the form of soil or entitles "Part 201 of NREPA and LUST Site
groundwater contamination, and to a lesser Inventory. The recorded name, location,
extent, surface water and sediment regulatory status, and in the case of Part
contamination. 201 sites, pollutants of concern are listed in
Tables 8.1 and 8.2. All locations were
Associated with the contaminated sites list, groundtruthed using the MDEQ published
and also included in this analysis, were data (note there may have been errors in
leaking underground storage tank (LUST) the database and exact ownership may be
sites. The LUST sites included in this in dispute or no longer current). Site names
analysis were those published by MDEQ at may refer to previous owners, managers, or
the same time as the Part 201 list. simply a nearby landmark; regulatory status
may change over time; and pollutants of
The Part 201 and LUST sites listed by the concern can change as new field and
MDEQ represent the sites that are known to laboratory data is obtained for a particular
the Department. The MDEQ is constantly site.
revising this list to make both additions and
deletions. There are also sites that would PART 201 AND LUST MAPPING
meet the definition of a brownfield that are
not on either list. For example, the City is GENERAL FINDINGS
working on a number of sites through the
Site Assessment Fund program and other There are fewer than expected known
redevelopment efforts that are not on the sites of contamination within the City
state list: limits. This analysis contradicts the
public perception of the City of
Terrace Street Lots Muskegon as a land area containing a
Muskegon Rag and Metal large number of contaminated
Carpenter Brothers Building properties.
Amazon Building
Westran Facility While some general trends in the
West Michigan Street Foundry distribution of the sites across the City
CMS - Consumer Site are apparent, no particular area exhibits
Muskegon Farmers Market a high concentration. The distribution
Fisher Steel can generally be tied to historic
Muskegon Cast Products industrial areas and commercial
Teledyne Lakefront Site corridors, the latter more likely to
Muskegon Boiler Works contain LUST sites (as expected given
Westshore Pavilion the common location of automotive
Interspace service facilities). The Muskegon Lake
shoreline is also an identifiable area of
Results known sites; this reflects the general
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industrial history of the shoreline. industrial use will likely remain for
many years.
The sites identified and mapped in this
analysis provide a good indicator of Menendorp Industrial Park. About 20
where similar, but unidentified sites percent of the sites are in the "middle-
may occur. Commercial corridors, the aged" industrial area in the southeastern
Muskegon Lake shoreline and other part of the City; the area that is now
historic industrial locations would be planned as the Menendorp Industrial
expected to exhibit environmental Park. Though six sites are associated
contamination. with this area, only two were identified
as Part 201 sites.
Many of the sites are in current use,
with little apparent adverse impact The South-Central Area Around
arising from the identified Laketon and Seaway. This historic
contamination. Approximately 65 industrial area is home to several
percent of the identified sites appear to identified sites, including the Brunswick
be in current use, most of these in a facility which is an important part of
manner similar to their original use. Muskegon's current and historical
economic vitality. Many of these sites
Comparison to Existing and Future Land are in close proximity to an historic
Uses railroad line, a common indicator of
industrial property use in urban areas.
To evaluate the potential effect of these Much of this area is also planned to
sites on current land use patterns and to continue in industrial use.
make the recommendations for future land
use addressed elsewhere in the Master Plan, Commercial Corridors. Several
several sub-areas were delineated. important streets or commercial
corridors in the City are the locations of
Muskegon Lake Shoreline. The LUST sites. This is a common
shoreline is in transition from nearly phenomena, and Getty and Laketon
ubiquitous industrial land use. Thus it both exhibited this character. Other
is not surprising that this exercise major commercial corridors with
identified that nearly 30 percent of all historic automotive service facilities
Part 201 and LUST sites within the City (e.g., Henry) likely have tank-related
were in close proximity to the Lake. concerns.
The shoreline is also known to be the
location of significant quantities of sand Since the City's industrial areas and
fill previously used in foundry commercial corridors are generally
operations. Future land use plans for expected to remain in industrial or
the shoreline are based on a fully mixed commercial use, the negative impact of
use, with greenspace and parkland, environmental contamination on the City's
commercial, and possibly even land use plans appears to be limited. The
residential use planned, although some new state liability standards are specifically
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designed to avoid placing the burden of Steven Brooks recently wrote for the
environmental remediation on new owners National League of Cites that "a City that
or managers of a property. While taking encourages brownfields redevelopment can
the necessary steps to avoid acquiring attract new business to its community,
liability for past contamination requires broaden its tax base, increase construction
some cost and time (i.e., through the activity, and create jobs." The City of
creation and filing of a BEA), these costs Muskegon recognizes these benefits and
should be manageable in most cases. has integrated brownfield programs into
their existing economic development
Likewise, the new land use or exposure- incentives framework. The
based cleanup standards allow considerable recommendations outlined below are
flexibility in the use of contaminated designed to build on the success of the Site
property, as long as these issues are Assessment Fund grant and take advantage
adequately incorporated in the planning of the favorable regulatory climate and state
and site development steps. In some cases, and federal brownfield incentives.
commercial use of an industrial property
may allow less restrictive standards than Specific Recommendations
industrial uses. The use of former industrial
site for residential or recreational use may Continue the brownfield screening
require additional remediation or more program and determine current
extensive exposure controls. ownership of sites on the list. For
example, a review of City directories
While historical contamination is not an would provide information on sites with
insurmountable barrier, there are steps the industrial histories that are likely to be
City can take to level the playing field for impacted.
brownfield sites and get underutilized
property back into full and productive use. Continue to update the brownfield GIS
For instance, some property owners are layer so that it may be used as a
reluctant to take any action with their planning tool for brownfield
property because they believe there is a redevelopment. Consider expanding
significant possibility they will be required the number of fields to increase its
to undertake massive environmental flexibility and make it more useful to
investigation and remediation efforts. By the private sector.
actively seeking incentives for these owners
to act, the City will be able to prevent the Continue to monitor developments in
"warehousing" of its historically environmental regulations, tax
commercial and industrial land. incentives, and funding sources.
CONCLUSIONS AND Continue to seek state and federal
R funding opportunities to address
ECOMMENDATIONS brownfield issues. A good track record
in obtaining State-level resources exists,
but further opportunities are most likely
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available (e.g. site reclamation funds,
state revolving loan funds and
renaissance funds). Pursue a
brownfield pilot program grant from
U.S. EPA.
Enact a groundwater use ordinance that
prohibits the installation and use of
potable wells in areas with known
groundwater contamination.
Finalize the development of a
Brownfield Redevelopment Authority.
Use the brownfield site map prepared
under the master plan as the basis for
defining a City-wide brownfield zone.
Expand on the work done under the
Site Assessment Fund grant to
determine the marketability of identified
brownfield sites.
Continue to implement sound goal-
oriented land use planning and
implementation. Coordinate with
brownfield efforts to identify rezoning
and infrastructure needs. Consider
environmental issues when evaluating
infrastructure needs. Integrate utility
upgrades with any required
remediation.
Host a workshop that provides
information on brownfield
redevelopment and financial and tax
incentives.
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Site Name Location Pollutants Status
1. Old City of Muskegon Dump 61-10N-16W-17BD Domestic, Commmercial, Light No Actions Taken
Industrial
2. Nordco Drum Getty Street 61-10N-16W-29DA Phthalates, BTEX, TCE Evaluation/Interim Response -Fund
3. Theresa Street Area 61-10N-16W-33AB Nickel, TCE Evaluation/Interim Response -Fund
4. Whittaker Electric 61-10N-16W-31BA PCB, DCE Evaluation/Interim Response -Fund
5. American Coil Spring Co. 61-10N-16W-33BD Chromium, TCE, 1,2 DCE Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
6. Amoco Oil Terminal 61-10N-17W-25 BTEX, MTBE Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
7. Anaconda Industries 61-10N-17W-25BD Cresols, Organics Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
8. Goetze Corporation 61-10N-16W-31AB Chromium, TCE, 1,2 DCE Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
9. Grand Trunk Railroad Dock 61-10N-17W-35BA BTEX, Naphthalene Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
10. MichCon Lakey Foundry 61-10N-16W-19CD Xylene, Toluene, Zinc, Lead, Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
Benzene
11. Old Muskegon Wastewater Treatment 61-10N-16W-17CA Benzidine, Arsenic, Nitrobenzene Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
Plant
12. Our Lady of Grace Church Gas 61-10N-16W-20AD Benzene, Toluene, Xylene Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
Contamination
13. Sealed Power Corporation - Sanford Street 61-10N-16W-31AB Trichloroethylene, Dichloroethene Evaluation/Interim Response -PRP/Other
14. Brunswick Corporation 61-10N-16W-30CC Toluene Final Cleanup - PRP/Other
Source: "Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination," Volume I April 1995 for Fiscal Year 1996, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Response Division
Table 8.1 Part 201 of NREPA Site Inventory
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Name Location
1. Central Transport 875 East Barney Street
2. Sure-Line Screw Products 1210 East Barney Street
3. Public Service Building - City of Muskegon 1350 East Keating Avenue
4. S.D. Warren #1 2400 Lakeshore Drive
5. Wesco #13 1075 West Laketon Avenue
6. Laketon Auto Clinic 1087 West Laketon Avenue
7. United Station #6306 - West Laketon 860 West Laketon Avenue
8. Hartshorn Marina 920 Western
9. Fisher Steel 259 Ottawa Street
10. Charles Service Center 1045 Getty Street
11. Great Lakes Plating Corporation 710 Pulaski Avenue
12. Acme Cleaners 1780 Beidler Street
13. United Station #6294 - Peck Street #1 1989 Peck Street
14. Video Movies 1801 Peck Street
15. United Station #6300 - Laketon Avenue #1 1045 East Laketon Avenue
16. Sealed Power Hy-Lift Division 1185 East Keating
17. Muskegon Correctional Facility 2400 South Sheridan Road
18. Pri-Per Investment Company Property 4 East Webster Avenue
19. Reed Tire Service 9 East Webster Avenue
Source: "Michigan Sites of Environmental Contamination," Volume I April 1995 for Fiscal Year 1996,
Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Response Division
Table 8.2 Leaking Underground Storage Tank
(LUST) Site Inventory
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