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                                     City of Muskegon  
  
      January 2007 


          



This  booklet  was  put  together  to  provide  residents  of  the  City  of  Muskegon  with  detailed 
information on solid waste management and recycling.  The information was compiled from 
several  different  sources  including  already  existing  educational materials from  the  City  and 
the  County  and  through  online  resources,  such  as  the  one  from  the  United  States 
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste:  
          www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/compost/erosion.pdf, 
          www.epa.gov/seahome/housewaste/src/recycle.htm, and  
          www.epa.gov/epaoswer/npn-hw/reduce/catbook/. 
                                                                         
                                                   Table of Contents 
                                                                        
Reduce ­ Reuse ­ Recycle ........................................................................................................1 
General Waste Information.........................................................................................................1 
          Garbage Pick-up..............................................................................................................1 
          Garbage Stickers Program ..........................................................................................1, 2 
          Carts ................................................................................................................................2 
          Spring Clean-up...............................................................................................................2 
          Recycling .........................................................................................................................2 
          Special Disposal Needs...................................................................................................2 
Antifreeze .................................................................................................................................. 3 
Appliances/Scrap Metals ............................................................................................................3 
Asphalt and Concrete Recycling.............................................................................................3, 4 
Batteries .....................................................................................................................................4 
          Automobile Batteries........................................................................................................4 
          Flashlight Batteries ..........................................................................................................4 
          Nickel-Cadmium Batteries (rechargeable) .......................................................................4 
          Hearing Aid Batteries.......................................................................................................4 
Gasoline Reuse and Disposal ................................................................................................4. 5 
Household Hazardous Wastes ...............................................................................................5, 6 
Miscellaneous Recycling ............................................................................................................6 
Paint Disposal.........................................................................................................................6, 7 
Used Oil Recycling .....................................................................................................................7 
Used Tires ..................................................................................................................................8 
Yard Waste Disposal..............................................................................................................8, 9 
          Composting......................................................................................................................9 
          Home Composting .........................................................................................................10 

                                                              



                                                                     
                                          Reduce ­ Reuse - Recycle 
                                                                     
Reduce:    Buy  only  what  you  need  and  purchase  items  that  use  as  little  packaging  as 
possible.  For  example,  you  could  buy  cereal  packaged  in  plastic  only,  instead  of  cereal 
packaged in plastic and in boxes, or bulk items that would use less packaging than smaller 
items. 
 Reuse:  Use items that can be re-used or that can be used by someone else rather than 
simply thrown away.  Cream cheese containers, for example, could be reused to store little 
things  like  loose  screws  or  other  small  items.    They  also  make  great  containers  for  your 
child's paint-water. 
 Recycle:  You can take items out of the waste stream that would end up in landfills by using 
items  that  can  be  collected  and  re-processed  for  another  product.    For  example,  glass 
containers are melted down again for new bottles or other glass containers.  No matter what 
type  of  materials  are  being  recycled,  always  remember  that  clean  materials  are  easier  to 
transport for you and easier to handle for the recycling facility.  Always rinse containers so no 
food remains. 
   
                                       General Waste Information 
                                                                     
                         City of Muskegon Solid Waste Coordinator ­ (231) 724-6908 
                                                                     
Garbage Pick-up:  Curbside garbage pick-up is provided each week at no charge.   Your 
garbage day depends on your location in the City.  Garbage must be contained in the green 
plastic cart, which must be obtained from the City. Carts must stay with the property and can 
be replaced for $55.00 if lost or stolen.  Any refuse not in a Cart is not picked up.  If trash 
accumulates on the property it will result in a clean-up and billing and/or ticket to the property 
owner.  Additional carts are available for $12.00 per month.  Carts for new homes are $55.00. 
 Garbage Stickers Program:  If you have more garbage than the Cart can hold, you must 
have a hot pink garbage sticker on each item (see below for items you can tag with those 
stickers and items you cannot).  If loose items do not have a sticker, you will get a 24-hour 
violation  notice,  which  could  result  in  a  clean-up  bill.    We  recommend  that  you  staple  the 
sticker on the item if there is a chance it will blow off.  The stickers may be purchased for 
$2.00  each  at  the  City  Treasurer's  Office  in  City  Hall  or  at  the  Public  Service  Building  on 
Keating  Avenue.    If  you  buy  five  (5)  garbage  stickers,  you  get  one  (1)  free  (6  for  $10.00).  
Stickers can also be purchased by phone at (231) 724-6720 using your credit card. Please 
Note:  Appliances require separate neon green stickers, which cost $25.00.  For more 
information, please see the section about appliances on page 5 in this booklet. 
 Acceptable Sticker Items:   
 


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          Bags of Garbage (30lbs or less)                           Household Furniture                
          Mattress                                                  Bed Springs                        
          Metal & Wood Furniture                                    Carpet & Pads (30lbs or less)      
          Storm Doors                                               Windows                            
          Toilets                                                   Bathtubs             
          Sinks                                                     Cardboard Boxes (Flattened, Tied in 
          Television Sets                                           bundles less than 30lbs) 
           
Non-Acceptable Sticker Items: 
          Appliances                                                Batteries 
          Hazardous Waste Material                                  Christmas Trees 
          Engine Parts                                              Car Parts 
          Building Materials                                        Tires 
          Bags of Grass or Leaves                                   Brush or Twigs 
 For more information on how to recycle those non-acceptable sticker items please look in the 
sections below in this booklet or call the Department of Public Works at 724-4100 or 
724-6908. 
 Carts:  To keep neighborhoods looking neat and avoid spilling trash, please do not put your 
Carts out before 7:00 p.m. the night before garbage pick-up.  After Carts are emptied, they 
are to be stored out of public view.  If a Cart is not taken care of, you may be ticketed or it 
could be taken away. 
 Spring  Clean-up:  A  dumpster  day  for  each  neighborhood  is  also  provided.    Each 
neighborhood association supervises the dumpster day for their area. 
 Recycling:  The City also has curbside recycling at no cost to residents with pickup every 
other  week  on  your  garbage  pickup  day.    The  schedule  depends on  where  you  live  in  the 
City.  Recycling bins can be purchased from the Department of Public Works for $5.00.  The 
program accepts: 
 *  clear glass,  
*  metal (aluminum foil and tin cans), 
*  #1 & #2 plastic jugs and bottles,  
*  cereal boxes, office paper, magazines, phone books, junk mail, etc.   
 Please remember that labels must be pealed off and containers rinsed before being placed in 
recycling bins.  
 Styrofoam: clean Styrofoam used in packing boxes can be recycled locally. Call 755-1662 
for more information. Styrofoam that has had food contact such as meat trays or used dishes 
will not be accepted.  
 




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Special  Disposal  Needs:    For  larger  disposal  needs  you  may  go  to  Muskegon  County 
Landfill 9366 Apple Avenue, Phone: 724-6001.  Open: M-F 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.  Sat. 8:00 
a.m. to 1:45 p.m.  Fee: please call for prices. 
 
                                                           Antifreeze 
                                                                     
Antifreeze is made up of water and ethylene glycol.  Ethylene glycol is a sweet smelling and 
tasting  material  that  is  attractive  to  pets  and  children.    Ingestion  of  antifreeze  can  cause 
severe damage to the nervous system and kidneys. 
 Most automotive service centers will accept reasonable amounts of used (drained) antifreeze 
for  recycling.    Always  call  first  to  verify  acceptance  of  materials,  limitations  and  possible 
charges. 
 Antifreeze should never be poured down the drain or a storm sewer because of the damage it 
can cause to the environment. 
   
                                          Appliances/Scrap Metals 
                                                                     
Appliances require separate garbage stickers, which cost $25.00 and must be stuck visibly to 
the appliance in order for the City to take the appliance at garbage pick-up.  Appliances and 
scrap metal can also be brought to many local scrap dealers.   
 Metals such as tin cans, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, iron, steel, stainless steel, zinc, 
etc., may be disposed of at the following locations: 
     Shoreline Recycling, 259 Ottawa Street, Phone: 722-6081 
          West Michigan Recycling Center, 40 Harvey Street, Phone: 773-7582 
                                
Depending on the metal, you may get cash for scrap! 
 If you can not recycle your appliance immediately, please remember to: 
 *  REMOVE,  BLOCK  or  LOCK  refrigerator  or  freezer  unit  doors  to  prevent  accidental 
       trapping of children. 
 
                                    Asphalt and Concrete Recycling 
                                                                     
The following locations accept concrete, asphalt, brick and block for recycling: 
 
          Ken Cooper Recycling                                                White Lake Excavating, Inc. 
          Concrete Recycling Site                                             2571 Holton ­ Whitehall Road 
          5750 Airline Road                                                   Whitehall Township 
          Fruitport Township                                                  894-6918 
          865-3337 

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 The following location accepts concrete, sidewalk and block for recycling, but no bricks: 
           Verplank's Trucking  
          Getty Street location next to Spraque Auto Parts in Muskegon.  
          Please call their Ferrysburg office beforehand at (616) 842-1448. 
             
                                                            Batteries 
                                                                     
Automobile batteries can be returned to most auto parts retail stores and automotive repair 
centers.  When purchasing a new battery, it is necessary to bring the old battery in for trade 
that covers the "core charge".  If you have old batteries that have been stored for some time, 
they can usually be returned, however, there may be a charge for disposal.  Always call first 
to verify if the business accepts auto batteries for recycling and if there are charges.  NOTE: 
Automotive batteries contain strong acids.  If leaking, use extreme caution.  These acids can 
cause  severe  burns  and  can  do  extensive  damage  to  clothing,  paint  finishes  and  other 
surfaces. 
 Automobile batteries may be disposed of at D Auto Parts, 1450 East Bard Road, Phone: 
766-3094 or at the local K-Mart, 3530 Henry Street, 733-1386. 
 Flashlight batteries can be saved for collection during the Muskegon County Household 
Hazardous Waste Collection Program.  If you have batteries for recycling, please store them 
safely and contact 724-6525 (Muskegon County Department of Public Works) and 850 West 
Sherman (759-7597) in Muskegon.  Please call first to verify any limitations. 
 Nickel-Cadmium  Batteries  (rechargeable)  such  as  video  camera  batteries  can  be 
recycled  at  Radio  Shack  locations at  1640 East  Apple  (773-1016)  and  850 West Sherman 
(759-7597) in Muskegon.  Please call first to verify any limitations. 
 Hearing aid batteries can sometimes be recycled at the same location where they were 
purchased.  If no recycling is available, they can be taken as part of the Muskegon County 
Household Hazardous Waste Collection Program by calling 724-6525. 
   
                                      Gasoline Reuse and Disposal 
                                                                     
Gasoline can become temporarily unusable due to long storage, exposure to the elements 
causing minor water contamination or if some other materials such as small amounts of dirt 
or rust are present.  These situations do not necessarily mean that the gasoline is not usable. 
 If gasoline has been stored for a long period of time it can become somewhat "thick" due to 
evaporation.  This  gasoline  can  simply  be  mixed  with  three  (3)  parts  new  gasoline.    If  the 
gasoline contains small amounts of water, a fuel-drying additive should be mixed with it.  If 

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large  amounts  of  water  are  present,  let  the  gasoline  sit  undisturbed  for  a  few  weeks  and 
siphon or carefully pour the gasoline into another container.  Because water is heavier than 
the gasoline, it should not mix and will sink to the bottom.  Fuel-drying additives should then 
be used.  If the gasoline is contaminated with small amounts of dirt or rust, filter it through 
cheesecloth or coffee filters and then use a fuel-drying additive and mix with three (3) parts 
new gasoline. 
 Two-cycle gas is a mixture of gasoline and oil and should only be used in motors designed to 
use  this  type  of  fuel.    If  2-cycle  fuel  is  contaminated,  follow  the  same  procedures  as  with 
regular gasoline.  Remember to dilute 2-cycle fuel with gasoline and oil, not straight gasoline. 
 If you are working with gasoline, please use the following precautions: 
     Do not smoke 
        Use eye protection 
        Wash Hands, etc. immediately if exposed 
        Use caution around appliances with a pilot light                              
        Use protective gloves 
        Work in area with proper ventilation 
        Avoid inhaling gasoline vapors 
        Work  in  area  where,  if  spilled,  the  gasoline  will  evaporate  but  not  pollute  ground  or 
          ground water 
        Do not pour gasoline in drains or trash 
        Always store gasoline in properly marked and approved container 
 NOTE:  These are good precautions when working with any potentially hazardous or 
harmful substance.  Always make safety the first priority. 
 For additional information, call the Muskegon County Department of Public Works at 
724-6411. 
                                                                      
                                    Household Hazardous Wastes 
                                                                     
Household hazardous wastes (HHW) are materials that, if disposed of incorrectly, can cause 
environmental  damage  by  contaminating  ground  and  surface  waters,  and  potentially 
threatening  wildlife  and  human  health.    Examples  include  lawn  and  garden  pesticides  and 
fertilizers, solvents such as paint thinners, waste motor oil, paints, varnishes and stains, and 
corrosive cleaners. 
 Be responsible!  Disposing of these products in storm drains allows these materials to enter 
surface  waters  untreated.    Pouring  on  the  ground  (or  burying  materials)  leads  to  potential 
groundwater  (drinking  water)  contamination.    Liquid  wastes  are  not  allowed  in  Michigan 
landfills.  Improper disposal of hazardous materials can also lead to accidental poisoning or 
other injuries. 
 



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The best way to manage HHW is to use up quantities of the product for its intended purpose.  
Proper  use  of  a  product  is  both  environmentally  and  economically  more  feasible  than 
disposing of the material at a HHW collection event. 
 The Muskegon County Department of Public Works has a Household Hazardous Waste 
collection program that has periodic collection events held throughout the year for County 
residents.  Please call their office at 724-6525 for an appointment or disposal information. 
                                                                     
                                           Miscellaneous Recycling 
                                                                     
Clear,  green  and  brown  glass,  paper,  cardboard,  tin,  aluminum  and  #2  plastic  may  be 
disposed of at Community Recycling, 1970 Port City Boulevard, Phone: 773-8407. 
                                                                       
                                                      Paint Disposal 
 When paint is properly and completely used, it is not much of a problem.  However, if there is 
leftover paint, proper disposal is necessary.  Improper disposal can lead to many problems.  
Landfills do not accept and are not designed to accept any liquids, including liquid paint.   
 Disposal of paint in storm sewers leads to direct contamination of surface waters affecting 
aquatic life and threatening drinking water supplies.  Pouring waste paint onto the ground for 
disposal  can  lead  to  direct  contamination  of  groundwater  sources  that  comprise  many 
drinking water sources.  Also, all of these means of disposal are illegal. 
 The best way to take care of paint is to use it for its intended purpose.  Try to use up paint or 
find someone who can use the paint.  Full cans of unused paint may be used by community 
assistance  programs.    Please  call  such  organizations  first  to  verify  acceptance  policies.  
Simply dropping such items off may result in expensive disposal costs for that organization.  
Remember to buy only the amount of paint that is needed for a project so as to minimize the 
amount of paint needing disposal later. 
 Drying Paint 
 Drying paint is the most acceptable and least expensive means of disposal.  If only small 
volumes of paint are left in cans, simply opening the cans and letting them set for a week 
may do the trick.  If you have containers of paint that are more than 1/3 full, adding absorbent 
material such as kitty litter or floor dry directly to the paint in the cans works well. 
 Many paints will separate over time.  Carefully open the cans and inspect the condition of the 
paint.  If the paint has been sitting for some time, it likely will have an oily layer on top (even if 
it  is  latex).    Carefully  decant  (pour  off)  the  top  layer  of  liquid  into some  kitty  litter.    Add as 
much  kitty  litter  as  it  takes  to  absorb  the  oil  until  only  tacky.    The  remaining  paint  can  be 
mixed with kitty litter directly in the can.  Stir the absorbent material in until tacky.  If the paint 
cans are nearly full, you may need to pour some of the paint into another container, paint can 
or even a plastic trash liner to be able to add sufficient kitty litter. 


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 After the paint has been properly prepared, it can be placed in the regular trash.  Remember 
to leave the lids of the cans off so trash haulers will know that the paint has been taken care 
of correctly. 
 Aerosol Paints:  If can is empty, simply discard in regular trash.  If some paint remaining, 
spray on cardboard until gone.  If full and sprayer does not function, please call Muskegon 
County  Department  of  Public  Works  for  assistance  in  our  household  hazardous  waste 
collection program at 724-6411.  You can also call this number for other special questions 
about paint disposal you might have. 
  
                                                                     
                                                 Used Oil Recycling 
 Disposal of oil in storm sewers leads to direct contamination of surface waters affecting 
aquatic life and threatening drinking  water supplies.  Pouring  waste oil onto the ground for 
disposal  can  lead  to  direct  contamination  of  groundwater  sources  that  comprise  many 
drinking water sources.  Also, all of these means of disposal are illegal. 
 Waste motor oil can be recycled and re-refined into motor oil or other lubricants.  When 
recycling motor oil, please remember to note the following tips: 
     Always drain oil filters well. 
         Place used oil into a clean, dry container with a lid to prevent spilling during transport 
          or storage. 
         Label  containers  as  "USED  MOTOR  OIL"  and  store  in  a  safe  place  until  ready  to 
          transport.  Keep out of reach of children or pets. 
         Be sure to store in a container that will not leak or cause damage. 
         Never  mix  anything  else  with  the  oil  such  as  other  lubricants,  transmission  or  brake 
          fluids  or  antifreeze.    Mixing  other  materials  with  motor  oil  will  cause  it  to  be  non-
          recyclable and potentially hazardous waste. 
         Store only small amounts of oil before bringing to recycling locations.  Many locations 
          that accept motor oil restrict the amount to five (5) gallons or less. 
 Used motor oil can be taken to the following locations: 
 
          AutoZone                       1236 East Apple, Muskegon                      773-4479 
          AutoZone                       1740 Holton Rd., North Muskegon                744-4265  
          AutoZone                       705 West Sherman, Norton Shores                737-2502 
          Quick Lube Plus                2355 Holton Road, Muskegon Township            744-7557 
          Quick Lube Plus                1950 Whitehall Road, Laketon Township          744-7577 
          Speedy Lube                    4585 Grand Haven Road, Norton Shores           798-7633 
          Speedy Lube                    2211 East Apple, Muskegon                      773-4941 
          Speedy Lube                    57 West Broadway, Muskegon Heights             737-1521  
          Speedy Lube                    409 Center, North Muskegon                     744-5203 
 Also, check with your local automobile repair business for recycling opportunities. 

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                                                           Used Tires 
                                                                     
Old tires with water in them are breeding areas for mosquitoes. This is a big concern, since 
mosquitoes can carry the "West Niles Virus". This virus, transmitted to humans only by a bite 
from  an  infected  mosquito,  can  cause  inflammation  of  the  brain  (encephalitis)  and  in  rare 
cases death in the elderly or people with weak immune systems. Symptoms range from mild 
flu-like  symptoms  to  severe  sickness,  requiring  hospitalization.  For  further  information  on 
"West Niles Virus" you can call the Muskegon County Health Department at 724-6311. 
 For proper disposal of used automobile tires, contact your local tire retailer.  A reasonable 
charge for disposal is likely.  Always call first to verify with the dealer if they accept tires for 
disposal, the limit on the number of tires and the price for disposal.  Different size tires will 
require different disposal needs and costs. 
 Here are some of the many tire dealers in this area: 
     Tom's Tire & Auto Center, 25 W. Apple Avenue will take old tires, but please call 
          ahead at 722-6041. 
        Downtown Tire Co., 952 Terrace, 722-3768 
        Smith Tire Co., 499 W. Broadway, 733-9406 
        Firestone Tire & Service Centers, 700 W. Sherman Blvd., 733-2591 
        Chet's Tire Service Inc., 1281 E. Laketon Avenue, 728-9148 
        Discount Tire Co. Inc., 647 W. Norton Avenue (Norton Shores), 739-3555 
            
                                                                      
                                               Yard Waste Disposal 
                                                    (See also "Composting") 
 Yard Waste includes leaves, grass clippings, garden debris, shrubbery and brush.  These 
materials take up much needed space in landfills. Michigan law bans all yard waste from 
being  land  filled  since  April  1995  and  yard  waste  is  a  resource  that  can  be  utilized  as 
compost, landscaping materials, etc. 
 Please! Don't just dump yard waste in vacant land or along a ravine.  Concentrations of 
rotting vegetation running into storm sewers or streams can kill aquatic life.  
 Proper care for your lawn can be one of the most effective pollution prevention activities in 
your household.  It can also give you a great looking lawn and save you money.  Accurate 
application  rates  and  timing  of  fertilizer  application  will  allow  your  turf  to  use  the  nutrients 
more efficiently and decrease the amount of nutrients getting into groundwater supplies. 
 



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Leaves  and  yard  waste:    Yard  waste  is  picked  up  with  your  garbage.    The  yard  waste 
service for the City of Muskegon generally runs between the first week of April and the first 
week of December.  Yard waste such as grass, leaves and twigs must be in paper bags or 
rigid container only or the waste hauler will not pick it up.  Leaves stored in plastic bags for 
long periods of time may be cited by an Environmental Inspector.  The Department of Public 
Works sells paper leaf bags as do most area stores.  Branches and sticks need to be tied up 
with twine in manageable bundles no greater than 4 feet in length.  Branches can be no more 
than  4  inches  in  diameter.    Large  limbs  and  trees  coming  from  residential  units  may  be 
disposed  of  by  making  an  appointment  with  the  City's  Solid  Waste  Coordinator  at  the 
Department of Public Works 724-6908. 
 Mulching grass has become very popular as a method of reducing or eliminating the volume 
of yard waste requiring expensive handling.  Also, mulching returns many nutrients to the turf 
and allows for less fertilizer applications as a result.  Call the Muskegon County Extension 
Service  (724-6361)  for  information  on  soil  testing,  mowing  tips,  composting  and  fertilizer 
application advice. 
 Christmas Trees:  Christmas trees are picked up through the second week of January. 
                                                                     
                                                         Composting 
 There are many benefits in composting yard trimmings and some food scraps. Since yard 
waste cannot go to landfills it is an alternative means of disposal.  It can save you money if 
used as an alternative to other fertilizers and pesticides. 
          Soil Enrichment: 
 
                       Adds organic bulk and humus to regenerate poor soils 
                       Helps suppress plant diseases and pests 
                       Increases  soil  nutrient  content  and  water  retention  in  both  clay  and  sandy 
                         soils 
                       Restores soil structure after reduction of natural soil microbes by chemical 
                         fertilizer 
                       Combats specific soil, water, and air problems 
 
          Pollution Remediation: 
           
                       Absorbs odors and degrades volatile organic compounds 
                       Binds heavy metals and prevents them from migrating to water resources or 
                         being absorbed by plants 
                       Degrades  wood  preservatives,  petroleum  products,  pesticides,  etc.  in 
                         contaminated soils 
 
          Pollution Prevention: 
           
                       Prevents pollutants in stormwater runoff from reaching water resources 


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                       Prevents erosion and silting on embankments parallel to creeks, lakes and 
                         rivers 
                       Prevents erosion and turf loss on roadsides, hillsides, playing fields, etc. 
 Composting facilities available for public use: 
            White Lake Excavating                                                  Engle Transport           
           2571 Holton ­ Whitehall Road                                            5054 South Sheridan 
           (Whitehall Township)                                                    (Fruitport Township) 
           894-6918                                                                865-6116 
            
Always call first for hours of operations, limitations and charges.  Do not mix garbage with 
leaves or grass clippings that are intended for commercial composting. 
 
                                                  Home Composting 
                                                                     
An  alternative  to  hauling  the  compost  items  away  to  a  composting  facility  is  home 
composting.  It is easy to do since it can be set up in a corner of the yard with few supplies.  It 
has to be a level spot of about 3- to 5-feet square near a water source and preferably out of 
the direct sunlight.  The area needs to be clear of sod and grass. You can use chicken wire, 
scrap wood, or cinder blocks to build a composting bin, but make sure to leave enough space 
for air to reach the compost pile.  In order to tend the pile it is easier if one of the sides is 
removable. 
 Compostable items:  Many food items can be composted, including vegetable trimmings, 
egg  shells,  coffee  grounds  with  filters,  and  tea  bags  without  any  metal  staples.    Also 
compostable  are:  leaves,  grass,  and  other  yard  clippings,  vacuum  cleaner  lint,  wool  and 
cotton rags, sawdust, shredded newspaper, and fireplace ashes. 
 Do not compost meats, dairy foods, or any fats, oil, or grease because they might attract 
pests. 
 Composting:  Start with a pile that consists of a 4-inch layer of leaves, loose soil, or other 
coarse yard trimmings.  If composting food scraps ­ which is a more involved process ­ you 
should mix them with the yard trimmings when adding them to the pile. To absorb any odors 
that might occur, you can add alfalfa meal or clean cat litter.  Water should be sprinkled onto 
the pile in dry weather, but not as to make it too soggy.  The pile should be turned with a 
pitchfork every few weeks in order to circulate air and to distribute moisture evenly through 
the pile.  You might notice the heat of the pile and might even see worms, but that is part of 
the decomposing process and completely normal.  Note:  A composting bin or pile is not a 
playground for children.  
 In most climates, the compost is done when it becomes a dark crumbly material with a 
uniform texture ­ usually in about 3 to 6 months ­ and now can be used to spread it in the 
garden  or  yard  beds or  under  the  shrubbery.    The  compost  is  also  very  good for  using  as 
potting soil. 



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